
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



D0DDS117flDA 






« • » 



.V 



' .-N 



0" 






> 



V^' 






^s.^^^ 
S^^-. 






,0^ 



J5 



*^ "V. '^^il,*/ .■«'' v^ 



'T'^ 



4 q. 



,0 



ot 















■V 



<^.. 



4 o 















■' V 



J: 









^^ 



A 









.<>■ 












\ 







^, 



'^. 



c3 ^r. 






^' 



^^0^ 



.^ 



.-^q. 









V 



v\^ 



v.>-. 



f5>^ * e .< 















"oV 



-n-o^ 







» » " «VJ 












<>. * « i o ' <S^ 



^'/•- ^V^ 
















■Xjj2 




















.^' 






. ' "to. 

7\ ^ f^vfi. (5^ 



> 










v^o^ ^^-: 


O > 


A o^ \.^- , ,. 


.0 -- 


> "c- •T'^iC-' 


.0^' 


"<^ * • ' - ' 


►^ 


s ' ' o, o^ 




■m \v^ 




:^« ,^V'=^, 








N°-*., 











TXriTXX 



EDWARD POLLOCK'S COMPLIMENTS 



PREFACE. 



fX presenting tJiisi voliiuic to the public, the Publishers are fully con- 
scious of its many short-comings. It possesses, hozoe^'er, one deeideil 
tnerit, nauu'ly : its fidelity to fact. 

The object of the loork is to present to the outside loorld a fray^mentary 

•Hirrative of such events as, from time to time, hare concurred i)i framing 

■'■•hbitro's social, political and commercial history ; setn'ng fjrth those 

"''■■r adi'antages wh-eh s/ie no:o offers to those leho have either capital 
^ ■•..»/■.'." ;.•■ invest, ami eorroboratiny its statements ivit/i statistics taken 
jr-:: .'■. :>::: . ' records. 

.; • . /. ." ,■ ;■, l-ite rears, has becomr the custom op " booming" certain 
localiin. . .'./' / ' ■.' re al'eged local historians — loith a single eye to tlie salt 
of their litt, .-'-y \ p:\a) colons by means (f gmtifyiiig the vairty of tlieir 
subseribeis at ', ..i/v.-.vc :■'' their oion leiacit] — that the Publishers of 
this Sketch Book h.r\- d.e'-ud i: -iser, and better calculated to promote the 
public good, to suppri^:- ■ ', ' jivn " cacoethes scribendi," and to rely, 
rather, upon the disi'iteresh ' opinions of recogni::ed aiit/iorities, ivho have 
had occasion, in their official capacities or othenoise, to treat heretofore of 
the same subjects. 

The following pages will tliereforc be found to contain many quotations 
and extracts, which the Publishers have been at much pains to collect and 
compile, and which they believe zvill prove alike interesting to the reader 
and 7'aluable to t/ie community. 

To all those wJio have kindly rendered their assistance — zvhether in the 
form of counsel, encouragement or material support — the Publishers beg to 
tender their sincere thanks. 

Lynxhburg, Va.. May 1st, lSb7. 






iji '»;■> ^ . ',61 • ' - "f, |V| • '1 




^ v* -'i 
















^X^^Mi 









iMtiltiilJa&kji 



Sketch Book 



.ie 



-OF 



LYNCHBURG, VA 



ITS- 



PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



ILLUSTRATED. 



PUBLISHED BY 



KDWARD l^OLLOCK and S. C. JUDSON. 



EDWARD POLLOCK, Compiler and Editor. 




LYNCHBURG, VA. : 
Pkintkd hy The Virginian Job Printino House, 

18«7. 






C 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in tho ■ ■ ir 1*- -7. 

By EDWARD POLLOCK, PoRTsyrnTH. » > . 

In the olTice of the Librarian of Congros. vVi.s„ = ! ^i. ;i. D. C. 



, <? p 7 



LYNCHBURG 

-Ma 8 B 7ji^ 

DESCRIPTIVE. 



INTRODUCTORY. 

^^ YNCHBURG, the principal inland City of \'irL,nnia, lies on tlie 
■J '-•> northern boundarj' of Campbell County, being situated on the 
Tr^- south bank of the James River, about one hundred and twenty 
miles above the head of tide-water navigation at Richmond, and two 
hundred and fifty miles above the point at which this noble and ma- 
jestic stream empties its waters into Hampton Roads, at the mouth of 
Cliesapeake Bay. The Cit\' is exactly midway between the magnifi- 
cent harbor of Norfolk and Portsmouth — unequalled on the Atlantic 
seaboard — and the Tennessee boundary line at ]^ristol, from each of 
which points it is distant two hundred and four miles b\' the Norfolk 
S: Western Railroad. 

Like the Eternal City. Lynchburg stands upon se\en liills, which 
give it a highly picturesque appearance, besides affording it abundant 
facilities for perfect drainage. From the bold and irregular character 
of its foundations it derives its sobriquet, " The Hill City." It is also 
known as "The Tobacco Cit}'," from the fact of its central position in 
the district chiefly devoted to the production of the best grades of this 
" bewitching vegetable," which forms its principal article of conmiercc 
and manufacture. It is copiously supplied with water by large reser- 
voirs, as well as b}' numerous bold springs. Pure soft w ater is also easily 
procurable by wells of moderate depth. The City is lighted through- 



O SKElCIl [!(30K OF LVNCII I!LR( .. VA. ; 

out by cicctricit)-, dnd the '' Gamewcll " I-"ire Alarm and Southern Hell 
lelephone systL-nis are in use. The ])rincij)al streets aie well pa\ed 
with i^ianite blocks, and a line of street cars almost encircles the busi- 
ness portion of the Cit\-, and extends a mile beyond its southwestern 
limits, to the I'air Groumls. This line is now loeing len,<;tiiened, and, 
w hen fim'shed, will form a complete circuit, passing within easy reach 
ot all the principal thoroughfares in the City and suburbs. 

The numerous handsome factories and stores, mills and warehouses, 
ciiurches and public buildings, give to tiie City a business-like and 
substantial aspect, while the many graceful residences which crown 
the hills and adorn the numberless eligible sites in the City and its 
suburbs, bespeak alike the wealth and refined taste of the population 
generally. 

SCKXF.RY. 
The surroundings of Lynchburg are peculiarly romantic and beau- 
tiful. To the South and l^^ast, far as the eye can reacli, the landscape 
may be described as irregularly undulating, \aried liere and there bv 
gently sloping hills and fertile \a!es, and relie\'ed by an occasional 
remnant of pruiieval forest. On the Northeast, the view is bounded 
b)' the bluff-, or " Heights" of the neighboring County of Amherst, 
past whose feet the broad and rapid James, s[)anned at and near this 
point by se\eral dams and bridges, hastens with its message of greet- 
ing from the mountain . to the sea. To the northward, at a distance 
of about twent}' miles to their base, the I^lue Ridge !\h)untains rise in 
gentle grandeur and in varying height, visible, in clear weather, for 
se\-enty-five miles along the range, and culminating, at their south- 
western extremity, in the far famed Peaks of Otter, towering skyward 
in their matchless stateliness and symmetr}'. 

I X L) U ST R I A L A D V A NT A G KS . 

The geographical [position of the City is such as to give it extra- 
ordinary manufacturing an<i commercial advantages. Three great 
railroad lines, ha\iiig connections which afford easy and direct access 
to e\ery section of the United .States, intersect here; while other 
roads, of a moie local character, \/ill short!\- malce this their terminus. 

W ith a water power capable of meeting an\' jiossible requirement, 
the City offers special inducements to the investment of brains and 
capital in various kinds of industrial enterprise. 



IT,-- PEOPLE AND PIS TRADE. 7 

The development of the vast mineral wealth of the neighboring ter- 
ritory is as }'ct in its infancy, but it is already known to be practicall)' 
inexhaustible. Coal of the best qualit)- is also abundant and cheap, 
while the products of the farm and forest are rich, plentiful and varied. 

CLIMATE. 

The topograph}' of the Cit\' and surrounding cou.itry, its elevation 
above the sea — over 500 feet on the river bank- — and the purity of 
its atmosphere, make this climate singularly health)', and especially 
beneficial to invalids. There are no marshes or stagnant pools, and 
the neighborhood is entire]}' free from malarial disorders. The win- 
ters are short and mild, seldom of more than three months' duration, 
and arc generally dry and pleasant. Snow seldom lies here longer 
than a few days, and there is but little interruption to agricultural 
pursuits during the entire winter. The heat of summer, which is 
nexer extreme, is tempered by the delicious southwest breezes and 
the cool sweet air from the neighboring mountains. The nights are 
alwa^'s balmx' and refreshing, and the days rarelv oppressive. 

During the summer months, near the eastern base of the Blue 
Ridge Mountains, there are more frequent showers than in any other 
part of Virginia. The explanation of this is to be found in the fact 
that the pre\-ailing wind at that season comes direct from the sea, 
and its moisture, when driven against the mountain barrier, meets with 
a colder stratum of air and becomes condensed, thus producing the 
welcome showers which refresh and invigorate the growing crops, 
while in less fa\ored sections the ground remains parched and dry. 

The mean temperature of Piedmont \"irginia, which, as its name 
implies, lies at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and near the 
centre of which the Cit}' of L}'nchburg is situated, is stated by Col. 
Randolph Harrison, Commissioner of Agriculture, in his Hand Book of 
Virginia, published last \-ear (1886), to be as follows : annual, 53/; 
winter; 44; summer, 78; while the rainfall is placed at "32 to 44 
inches." In reference to this Di\ision of the State, Col. Harrison 
writes : "For beauty of landscape, \ariety of scener\-. native ferti!it\- of 
soil, water courses contributing to practical benefit as well as to beauty 
of scenery, this section is surpassed by few, if any, other sections in 
the United States." 

And Dr. Ellzey, of Washington, D. C. , in an Address before the 



8 sKK.rcn [!()i)K OF lvn(:hi?[."kg, v.\. ; 

SoutJicrn Associatioi, says: "In its plu'sica! features, picturesque and 
lovely to an unusual degree; in climate, temperate and healthful, in 
the abundance and \ariety of its productions, unsurpassed; in all 
that makes life desirable and home what it should be, there is no 
place in this world which surpasses Piedinont Virginia — there are 
very few which come near it." 

AGRICULTURE. 

The greater part of Campbell County, however, belongs, from a 
geological standpoint, to that one of the " Grand Di\isions '" of the 
State known as " Middle X'irginia; " and of this Col. Harrison writes, 
as follows : 

" Here is the great tobacco region of Virginia — the lands of the 
upper and lower Jurassic period or new red sandstone being especially 
adapted to the finer qualities. The formation is identical with that of 
Lancaster County, Pa. and the lower Connecticut V^alley. where the 
cultivation of seed leaf tobacco has enriched the community to an al- 
most incredible degree. 

"Middle Virginia is an undulating country — hills, table-lands and 
intervales — living springs and never-failing water courses evervwhere. 
The soils vary greatly — the bottom-lands generally very fertile, and 
the up-lands are often very productive, especially when the rocks con- 
tain epidote and s )me varieties of horn blende. 

" The productions of this region are varied. Tobacco has been 
mentioned as the staple of a large part of this Division of the State, but 
its rultivation is by no means universal — in many counties it is not 
grown at all. Everywhere the cereals and fruits of temperate climates, 
notably the apple and grape, grow in perfection ; and while we have 
not yet reached the grazing sections proper, we find clover, timothy, 
orchard and other gra.sses growing here and there in great lu.xuriance ; 
and they show a natural adaptation to grass, which, however, so far 
from having been encouraged, has persistently been thwarted — fought 
against — from the first settlement of the country until recently. 
' killing grass ' has been the object kept steadily in view in growing 
tobacco and Indian corn, and, with the large force of slaves inhabiting 
this region, was so effectually done, that it came to be believed by 
many that the valuable forage and pasture grasses would not grow 
here, despite the fact that ' blue grass ' — poa com[)ressa(the true ' blue 
grass ' ) — the identical grass which is so highly valued in Fauquier and 
Loudoun f )r making fat pastures — is the grass which has given the 
planters most trouble to keep under ; which has made such a struggle 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 9 

for existence that it has never been extirpated in this region ; but, 
where it has half an opportunity, will assert its rights and will take 
possession of the land, crowding out wheat, or whatever may, at the 
time, be in occupancy. 

"Clover has long been successfully grown here; and the idea that 
timothy, orchard, etc., would not succeed, has been disproved by the 
logic of facts. There is scarcely a county in this region in which there 
are not meadows that would compare favorably with the best any- 
where; few though they be, they demonstrate the possibility. The 







V-A^ -<• *■ 



-^^:.^w. 










■■"-Mfea*,**,^^^ 



---=Ui'&^-.^ 



SIXTH STllEET BRIDGE AND UNION DEPOT. 
(from black water creek.) 

renovation of this healthful and most improvable region will be 
brought about by clothing a large portion of the country with^meadow 
and pasture grasses. " 



FOREST GROWTH. 

"The 'Sylva' gradually changes as we ascend from the Tidewater 
Division to Piedmont. The cypress disappears, the long-leaf pine 
ceases to grow after the first tier of counties is passed, and the cedar 



]0 S'KETCIJ nOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

and holly, the gum and willow oak, become more and more infrequent. 
The short-leaf, or hard yellow pine, fm-nishes its valuable timber in 
every y^art of Middle Virginia, but does not take exclusive possession 
of large tracts of land as in Tidewater, except where it is found as 
'second growth' on lands which have been cultivated and then turned 
out to grow up again. There it takes the place of the genuine * lob- 
lolly,' or old field pine of Tidewater — the long-leaf variety — the ' pinus 
taeda' of botanists. In the forests of Middle Virginia the pine (short- 
leaf, )-ellow and two other varieties too rare to deserve a description) 
grows along with the various oaks, the tulip tree, hickory, walnut, 
locust, maple, ash and other timber of minor importance ; and, on the 
streams, sycamore, beech, birch, willow and maple. At some distance 
from the mountains we again find chestnut in large quantities. In 
fine, the forest growth of this section is of singular variety, beauty and 
value." 

MINERALS. 

"The mineral resources of this region are very great. Besides the 
coal of the mesozoic areas of Richmond and Farmville, this country 
yields go'd, silver, copper and iron ores in great variety and abund- 
ance, and, for architectural purposes, fine gray granite, gneiss, and 
brown stone, Potomac or brecciatcd marble, and the finest slate for 
roofing purposes; also mica, kaolin and asbestos and limestone. 



"The veins of iron ore are numerous, some of the magnetic ores 
having a thickness of four feet ; the beds of hematite ore, particularly 
those upon either border of the belt, as along James river, where it 
runs oarallel with it, and in the 'Wilderness,' near the Rappahannock, 
are very thick and extensive. The first succes.sful furnaces in 
America, those of the colonial Governor Spotswood, were supplied 
from the latter beds. 

"There are also large beds of this ore where the Chesapeake and 
Ohio railway crosses the belt. In this vicinity the valuable sulphurets 
of iron and' copper are found, and there will soon be large sulphuric 
acid works and a manufactory of fertilizers here, turning out copper 
and iron as by-products. 

"The slates of the middle country are excellent for all purposes, 
notably those of l^uckingham and Amher.st counties. In Buckingham 
they have been long and extensively quarried for roofing, flagging, 
mantles, &c. The sandstone of the imposed ' middle secondary ' 
are valuable for building purposes, as are also the ' brownstones ' of 
the red sandstone, which are extensively quarried at Manassas. The 
infusorial earth, so abundant in Richmond, is valuable as a poHshing 
material." 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. li 

RAILROADS, 

''This country is favored in respect of means of transportation, 
railroads penetrating it in every direction The great ' Coast Line," 
which passes through the State from Washington to Weldon close to 
the divide between Middle Virginia and Tidewater, almost on the line 
between the archsean and the tertiary formations — sometimes in one 
and sometimes in the other — belongs equally to both. From Wash- 
ington and Alexandria ray out the Washington, Ohio & Western, and 
the Virginia Midland, with its various branches ; from Fredericksburg, 
the narrow gauge to Orange C. H.; from Richmond, the Chesapeake 
& Ohio stretches out throngh Henrico, Hanover and Louisa into Pied- 
mont, and thence to the Ohio and beyond ; and the Alleghany, along 
the beautiful valley of James River through Middle Virginia into Pied- 
mont and Appalachia. The Richmond & Danville road penetrates 
this part of Virginia for a hundred and fifty miles before passing into 
North Carolina, and sends out a branch at Keysville and another at 
Sutherlin. The Brighthope road from Bermuda Hundred taps the 
coal region at Clover Hill, twenty-odd miles away. At Petersburg, 
the Norfolk & Western road passes from Tidewater into Middle 
Virginia, and, after a course of more than a hundred and tv/enty miles 
in this Division, strikes out Southwest through Piedmont and the Valley 
to the Tennessee line at Bristol. The Atlantic & Danville is in course 
of construction from the point to which it is now completed. Hicks- 
ford, in Green.sville County, to Danville and beyond ; and the Southern 
link of the Virginia Midland extends from Lynchburg to Danville, with 
a branch from Elba Station into Franklin county. All these roads 
intersect this Division of Virginia, and there are others projected, and 
probably soon to be built." 

HYGIENE. 

" Except in limited localities, in and near certain water courses, 
where malarial diseases prevail to some extent, this is an exceptionally 
healthy region, perhaps as favorable to longevity as any part of 
America — we might almost say, of the ivorld.'' 

To this official statement may be added the singular and important 
fact that on no single occasion has infectious or contagious disease of 
any kind ever gained a foothold or assumed an epidemic form in the 
City of Lynchburg. Sporadic cases have of course appeared, from 
time to time, but they have never been known to spread here. Indeed 
it would seem that the climate of this favored region is fatal to nothing 
save only disease and pestilence, while to all else its effects are emi- 
nently stimulating and wholesome. 



12 SKETCH BO;>K OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

THE BLUE RIUGE REGION. 

As Lynchburg lies within twenty miles of the base of the Blue 
Ridge Mountains proper, and upon the plateau known cs the "sub 
range" at an average elevation of 700 feet, or thereabouts, above the 
tidewater level, the following information with regard to the sanatory 
properties of this climate will doubtless prove of interest to the reader 

Major Jed. Hotchkiss, in The Virginias, ]\\\\q^ 1884, says: 

"We would call attention to the fact that the Blue Ridge region in 
Virginia is, as can be proven by the testimony of consumptives fully 
restored to health, the best Sanitarium in the United States east of the 
Mississippi. The sheltered eastern slopes of the long stretch of that 
mountain range in Virginia, above the line of 1,000 feet of elevation 
above the ocean level and under that of 2,500. cffers hundreds of 
localities for health resorts for people afflicted with pulmonary dis- 
eases, that surpass any other that we know of or have read of. Dur- 
ing the past thirty-six years the writer has frequently recommended 
this region to persons having such diseases, and in every case where 
the advice was followed, a restoration to health has resulted. If any- 
one is sceptical about the efficacy of the Blue Ridge air, water and 
exercises, as remedial agents for lung troubles, let him spend a few 
months at some point in this belt, and we will make him the referee 
lo sustain the opinion here advanced. A ycung man from Vermont, 
a victim of this especially fearful New England disease, took his advice 
and spent the winter of 1882-83 there, and went away with restored 
health that still continues. We could name other cases. 

" About the best such people could do would be to buy a few acres 
of the Sunward dry air slope of the Blue Ridge in Virginia, and busy 
themselves raising grapes and other fruits while inhaling health and 
strength. There are at least 200,000 acres of such .sanitary country 
for occupation, room for 20,000 people with ten acres for each, and 
none of it remote from railways or markets; and here, too, is the 
region for building up extensive establishments for health and pleasure 
that willhave a large all-the-year-round patronage." 

General McDonald, editor of the Industrial South, referring to the 
above, says : 

" \\q may say that we have some personal knowledge of the 
particular locality mentioned, and from our own observation are quite 
inclined to acquiesce in the opinion of Major Hotchkiss. Among 
others whom we met at Afton (in this belt) was a very intelligent and 
pleasant gentleman in the government service at Washington, from 
whom we learned that, being subject to rhuematism, he thought it 
well, before determining where he would spend his summer vacation, 
to consult the Signal Bureau — the desideratum being a dry atmos- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 13 

phcre. The officers examined their records, and reported to him 
that the dryest mountain atmosphere of which they had knowledge 
was at a place on the Blue Ridge called Afton — of which he had 
never before heard — and his experience had attested the correctness 
•of the advice that sent him there. So dry is the atmosphere that a 
newspaper spread on the grass at night shows no sign of moisture 
next morning, although the night is much cooler than the day/" 

PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 
The reports of the Standing Committees of the City Council for 




FIREMEN'S MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN. 

(ON CnURCH STREET, AT FOOT OF COURT HOUSE DILL.) 



the fiscal years ending P^ebruary ist, 1884, 1885, 1886 and 1887, re- 
spectively, furnish some very interesting matter relative to the various 
departments of the Municipal Government. It will be seen at a glance 
that the City Fathers are fully alive to the wisdom, if not the necessity, 
of a liberal and progressive policy as regards public improvements of 
all kinds, while a closer examination will disclose the fact that the 
bonded debt of the City — always within the limits permitted by the 



14 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

charter — has increased but Httle, comparatively speaking, despite the 
large outlay necessitated by the grand results. 

The following is from the Report of the Finance Committee for 
the year ending February ist, 1<S84: 

" The Water Works, with its ponderous nmchinery, lifting water 
^50 feet, has supplied the whole City with water. The truss, convey- 
ing water across Blackwater Creek, was erected at great cost, and your 
Reservoir on Clay Street stands as sponsor for $50,000 well spent. 

" Then, too, you no longer wait for the application of human muscle 
to the Court House bell to give the alarm of that dreaded element, 
fire. Electricity holds the hammer in check, ever ready to respond to 
a simple touch given to a wire in any quarter of the City. You have, 
in a word, organized (through the zeal and public spirit of the able 
gentlemen composing the Board of Fire Commissioners) a Department 
second to that of no city in America. You have improved your pub- 
lic buildings, adding to some here and erecting new ones there — nota- 
bly your fire stations and improvement to the Court House, Jail and 
Alms House. The avenues of approach to the City have not been 
neglected, as can be seen by a passing glance at Grace Street and its 
continuation ; Cabell Street, too, and then others still in contemplation. 
The sewers of the City, too, have not been overlooked ; much money 
not appropriated in the annual ordinance was expended for sewerage, 
in order to preserve the health of your constituents. So far, then, 
have you gone in the way of public improvements, and there is, so far 
as your Committee is advised, but one verdict ; certainly there is no 
complaint because it has been done. It is true some adverse criticism 
attended the organization of the Fire Department and the construction 
of the fire alarm telegraph. Subsequent events have hushed this, and 
the wisdom of your action can no longer be questioned. 

* :): * =i' * * * 

"Your Charter permits you to issue bonds to an amount equal to 
eighteen per cent, of the real and personal property — taxable values — 
of the City. In comparing \'our debt with that of other Virginia 
cities of last year, we find — 

The debt of Alexandria was 23 per cent, of its taxable values. 

Danville "19 " " " " 

Norfolk " 17 

'* " Petersburg " 12)^ " " 

" " Richmond "12 " " 

" " L\'nchburg "11 " " 

* * * ^ * :{; * 

" It is proper to state that the City has not a dollar of floating debt." 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



15 



F'rom the Report of the City Engineer: 

"Within a few past years a wonderful chans^e has been wrought 
in the character and efficiency of the water works; a new pump 
house has been erected, three powerful water engines are in position, 
a new reservoir nearly completed, and the distributive pipe system ex- 
tended in different directions — probably a little beyond the limit of a 
prudential consideration. An appreciative public has not failed to 
commend such successful efforts, and will continue to do so as long 
as we can revel in the enjoyment of an abundant water supply for do- 
mestic purposes, for gushing fountains, and other privileges, even the 
use of water for motive power. 




RUINS OF THE OLD QUAKER MEETING HOUSE. 

(on SALEM TURNPIKE.) 

" The Street Department has exhibited remarkable activity during 
the past year, and more permanent works have been executed than 
during any preceding year since the incorporation of the City." 

From the Report of the Committee on Water: 

"The Committee has the most gratifying announcement to make 
to the City Council that the water has not been turned off the city 
for a single hour during the past year. Occasional repairs in different 
sections of the corporation have caused a suspension, for a few hours, 
of the supply, but the quantity in storage has been ample for all the 
needs of the consumers for nearly two years, or since March 3, 
1882." 



l6 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

JOSEPH COHN, 



LYNCHBURG'S LEADING AND ONLY 



One-Price Clothier, Tailor, Furnisto aod Hatter. 



IMPRESS THESE FACTS ON YOUR iVilND : 

[offer you the Largest Stocl' in tlie State to select from. 

I name the Lowest Prices, and have hut One-Price for 
Mveryhocly. 

Specialist in Fine Clothiny for Men, Youths, Boys and 
Children. 

Sole agent for this city of Juiox' World- Eenowned Derby 
and Silk Hats. 

824, 826 and 828 Main Street, 

LYNCHBURG, - VIRGINIA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



17 



From the Report of the Committee on Fire: 

''An entire reorganization of the Fire Department has taken place 
during the last twelve months, and instead of a volunteer, a paid or- 
ganization has been established, and the cost of maintaining the latter 
has increased immensely ; but the greater efficiency is thought to be 
commensurate with the expense. March the 16, 1883, an ordinance 
was passed, appointing three Fire Commissioners, one from each 
ward, whose duty it was to organize a paid department ; and the 




MR. JOSEPH COHN'S CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
(corner of main and ninth streets.) 



manner and means adopted by that Commission, and the abundant suc- 
cess which has crowned its efforts, has been attested by all who passed 
through the trying ordeal of last Fall, when there seemed to be a sys- 
tematic attempt to burn the City. Every night, and frequently twice 
in one night, fires were kindled by the hands of an incendiary. All 
praise is due the new Department for preventing immense loss of prop- 
erty and probable loss of life in that awful emergency." 



16 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

I^^'om the Chief I'ngineer of the Fire Department: 

"Since the organization of this force, the Gamevvell Fire Alarm 
System has been introduced. * * '■' * 

"To say that this system of alarm has proven very satisfactory, and. 
so far as its jurisdiction extends, is a complete success, I pay but a 
small tribute to its inestimable worth and pre-eminence over all other 
methods, indicating, as it does instantly, the location, or thereabouts, 
of a fire, thereby enabling the Department to repair to it immediately. 
It has been the means of saving much property." 

From the Report of the Committee on Schools: 

" It is gratifying to your Committee to be able to report that the 
Public Schools of the city are in a prosperous and improved condition. 

" The increase in the number of pupils attending during the last 
scholastic year was great — much greater than the increase in the school 
population of the city. The attendance was more regular and prompt, 
and the standard of scholarship higher than in any previous year." 

From the Report of the Committee on Police: 

" Your Committee takes pleasure in again testifying to the admira- 
ble management of the Board of Police Commissioners. The City was 
never better served than it has been during the period under review, 
and consequently your Committee has no recommendations to offer 
for the coming year." 

In the Reports for the year ending February ist, 1885, appear the 
following: 

P^'om the Committee on Sewers: 

" The first annual report of your Committee on Sewers is presented 
under circumstances, as we conceive, of considerable encouragement. 
Only one year has elapsed since the organization of this Department, 
during which time the results of its operations will compare favorably 
with similar work executed during any preceding year, when this 
branch of the publicwork was combined with the Street Department. 

"Over 2,200 yards, or \ }( miles, of terra cotta pipes have been 
laid in various places. The Eighth Street culvert has been extended 
140 feet, and the old sewers have been repaired wherever necessary." 

From the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department : 
"In submitting this, my second Annual Report of the operations 
and progress of this Department for the past year, it is with much 
pleasure, not unmingled with pride, that I point to our Fire Record, 
showing, as it docs, the very small loss within its fire limits of $5,- 
156,30. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



19 



" Our city may well feel proud of its superb water supply. Even 
during the past summer, when cities over the entire Union were 
clamoring for water, our reservoirs never failed, an abundance was to 




be had during the whole time, and effective streams were obtainable 
from all plugs without the use of engine, e.xcept those on level with the 
highest reservoir." 

From the Committee on Schools : 

" We are pleased to be able to report that your Public Schools have 
never been in a more prosperous condition. 



There has been a wreat 



20 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

F. C. BRO\A^N, 



■Tt-. ' EiV.O-Tt^'n'^H I T-lT^ i^ ^1 ' i~ i' J -M'-T rpu.iT'g- a-f aTi^ ^neT- i !.-:^^in; Ti< TT ^j;TT>^-'^7^Fftr^F^4pl-r^iM>^°T>-<*r..riLirB.T>.ir^^ 



OILS. 



oo 



1314, 1316, 1318, 1320 Jefferson St., 
LYNCHBURG, - VIRGINIA. 



(ESTABLISHED IN 1815.) 
THE OLDEST BUSINESS HOUSE IN THE CITY. 



n 



, SON I ieeh: 



(Successor to E. J. Folkes and Polkes & Winston.) 

620 and 622 Main Street, 

LYNCHBURG, - VIRGINIA, 

ftCANUPACTUKERS OP AND DEALERS IN 

PUBIIITUe[JllTTR[SS[UNOClRSOFALL^INOS. 

WE ALWAYS KEEP ON HAND A LINE OP 

FINE PARLOR AM) CHAMBER SUITS, SIDEBOARDS AND EXTENSION 

TABLES, AND FINE FANCY TABLES AND PEDESTALS, LADIES' 

DESK AND PARLOR CABINETS, IN WALNUT, 

MAHOGANY AND ANTIi^UE OAK. 

jgiS^Oiir prices cannot be beaten, and it will pay yon to call and examiue our stock be- 
fore purchasing elsewhere. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 21 

increase in attendance within the last year; a steady improvement in 
the system of instruction and the average standard of scholarship at- 
tained by the pupils. At a Convention of all the City and County 
School Superintendents of the State, just held in Richmond, our 
schools have taken nearly all the first medals and certificates of dis- 
tinction awarded for excellence. " 

From the Committee on Police : 

" Since our last annual report there have been no changes whatever 
in the administration of the Police Department. The service has been 
thoroughly efficient and satisfactory, and no recommendations are con- 
sidered necessary." 

From the Mayor's Message to the City Council : 

"The energy, ability and courage shown by the gentlemen compos- 
ing the Board of Fire Commissioners in dealing with the tremendous 
problem thrust upon the community by the total collapse of the volun- 
teer Fire Department, should ever be gratefully remembered by our 
people. The efficiency of the department organized by them is shown 
by the statement of the chief that the loss from fires to which the De- 
partment responded during the last year, both within and without the 
fire limits, was only <;27,382. 50, whilst the property saved was valued 
at $72,628.70. 

"The determination of the gentlemen composing this board, as well 
as the Board of Police Commissioners, to allow none but first-rate men 
to remain on the force under their control, has been ably seconded by 
the chiefs of these departments and has resulted in giving us a body 
of policemen and firemen who will compare favorably with those of 
any city. I have found the members of the police force sober, faith- 
ful, active and vigilant; the officers and many of the men well ac- 
tjuainted with the ordinances of the city, whilst the chief has been in- 
defatigable in his efforts to promote the discipline and efficiency of his 
force, and to preserve the peace and good order of the community. 
The Board of Police Commissioners have never hesitated to remove 
any man who impaired the efficiency of the force; have administred 
the trust committed to their charge with the strictest econom^^ and, in 
all matters, have been actuated by an earnest desire for the public wel- 
fare. 

" Our public schools are now, as they have been ever since their 
organization, among the best in the State. The names composing the 
list of teachers are a sufficient guaranty that they enjoy, as they richly 
deserve to, the confidence of the community. 

" In conclusion, I think the condition of our community is highly 
gratifying; the depression in business has been less severely felt here 
than in most places, and is now passing away; your furnaces, work- 



22 SKETCH BOOK OF LYXCHBURG, VA. ; 

DRUGS AND MEDICINES 

AT 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 



We are occupyins onr MAGNf FK'ENT NEW HOUSE, on the Corner of Main and 
Tenth streets, "and have tlie larjiest ai.d hamlsoiuest Drug Establishment In Virsinia. 
Thf»re are few larger, and our Retail Room (25x132 feet) is unquestionably the handsomest 
in the Southern States. (See cut on opposite page.) 

We are adding daily to our already large stock, and OUR FACILITIES ARE EQUAL 
TO AXY, for satisfying our friends and customers. 

OUR WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEPARTMENTS 

comprise everything usually found In a First-Class City Drug Estabi.ishment. We 
make a specialty of selling to Country Stores, and guarantee satisfaction in every 

OUR PROPRIETARY MEDICINES 

some of which are sold all over the United *^tates, are EQUAL TO ANY MADE, and pay 
better profits than other similar goods. Orders are filled with promptness always. 

tm^A trial order is respectfully solicited, by mail or otherwise, and we will be glad 
to have our friends call to see us, whether they buj- or not. 

FAULKNER & CRAIGHILL, 

"Wholesale Druggists, Manufacturers and Proprietors of Camm's Emulsion, 
looo MAIN STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 



JOHN J. MALLAN 8z: BRO., 

DEALERS IN 

Family Groceries, Dry Goods, Notions, Wines, Liquors, &c. 



MALLAN •? BROTHERS. 

DEALERS IN 

Coal, Wood, Baled Forage, Mill Feed, Corn, Hay, Oats, 
Bran, Lime, &c., 

714 FIFTH AVENUE, - LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



23 



shops and factories are qeneral!y at work; the indomitable energy of 
your business men is pushin<j your trade into new sections of country ; 
the City Government is faithfully and economically administered and 
our City is securely la}'ing deep and broad the foundations of her 
wealth and greatness." 

The following extracts are from the Reports for the year ending 
h'ebruary 1st, 1886. 

From the Board of Fire Commissioners: 

"We conclude by stating that the Fire Department is in a high 




MESSRS. FAULKNER & CRAIGHILL'S DRUG STORE. 

(CORNER OF MAIN AND TENTH STREETS.) 

state of efficiency, and that our aim is yet higher and higher, until it 
is tJie best, and to this end we trust we will be, as in the past, 
strengthened and supported by your hearty cooperation." 

From the Chief of the Fire Department: 

"The number of fires and alarms for the past }'ear have exceeded 
by something over double the number for the year previous, there 
being in all some seventy-six calls. Fires only in two instances ha\e 
attained any proportions, viz : at the drug store of Messrs. W. A. 
Strother & Son, October 26, and in which nine-tenths of the damage 
sustained was inflicted by smoke — an element against which we have 
no means of combatting; the other at Messrs. Ford, Moorman & Co.'s 



24 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Among the Largest Buyers and. Handlers of Leaf Tobacco are 

HOLT, SCHAEFEU 2, CO., 

who do a large Domestic and Foreign Export Business, buying also 
in other markets of the State and North Carohna, either for direct 
shipment, or to re-handle such purchases in their Lynchburg factory, 
the floor space of which is as large, and probably larger than of any 
factory in the City. Their factory on Lynch Street runs back iqo feet. 
Adjoining the .same in the rear is a large four-story storage house, and 
connected with this their Jefferson Street factory, where they 

Manufacture Tobacco Extract for Export to Europe, 

the whole giving one continuous place of business (fronting on Lynch 
Street, and in the rear, on Jefferson Street), 264 feet in depth. 

With six drying rooms, they have ample facilities to handle large 
quantities of Tobacco at any season of the year, or in the old-fashioned 
manner by air-drying. The objectionable features of steam-drying 
are now, however, entirely overcome by employing only rapid circula- 
tion of air, which process has secured such universal favor for their 
tobaccos, as it is a copy of Nature's process, and preserves not only 
the toughness and texture of the leaf, but likewise its natural gum and 
flavor. 

As their connection with the Tobacco Business extends for a period 
of about twenty years (partly in other markets, but for the last ten 
years identified w^ith the Lynchburg market especially), they com- 
mand, of course, the confidence of the trade, and their continued suc- 
cess is conclusive proof of that fact. 

They do an order business for domestic and foreign markets, both 
for manufacturers and dealers, in bright as well as dark grades, with 
both of which the Lynchburg market is so well supplied. 



.j-4?.5^ALL KIMIS OF FINE ENC4RAVING DONE AT SHOKT NOTICE.«^!5*?^ 



JOHN D. SUTER&CO., 
BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS, 

No. 1017 :\IAIN STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 

-e^Hpecial agents for Mrs. TyreeVs (;OOK BOOK, ''Housekeeping in Old \'irginia/"=S59^ 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE, 2; 

factory. January 5th, at which the loss amounted to some ^21,000. about 
half the property being destroyed, the machinery, as also the two lower 
stories of the building, valued at ^[9,500, being rescued from the 
flames. The damage resulting from the remaining calls, seventy-four 
in number, footed up only about $[0,ooo/' 

From the Mayor's Message: 

"Our School system continues to show splendid results and a unt- 




RESIDENCE OF MR. EDMUND SCUAEFER. 
(court street, near seventh.) 



form improvement from year to year. The enthusiastic and efficient 
Superintendent has bent all his energies to the discovery and putting 
into operation the most improved method of instruction. In this 
effort he has been ably seconded by a most efficient corps of teachers, 
both white and colored, and the result is highly gratifying. Durin^^ 
the past session there was an enrollment of 2,717 pupils out of a school 



26 



«.KErCH BOOK or LVNXHBLTRC, VA. ,' 



LYNCHBURG VIRGINIAN, 



One of the Oldest and B*?st Kiiowu Journal.H in Tirginia, 

Is now owned and published by a company of capitalists and business 
men of Lynchburg, who are determined to make it 

A i LEADING- PAPER, 

Inferior to None in the Commonwealth. 



THE VIRGINIAN, 

Under the new management, will be dkvoteo especiallv to the Com- 
mercial, Manufacturing, Farming and other interest of the 
City and State, and will be. in all respects 

A 4 LIVE I PAPER, 

In which the news feathered in all sections of the world will be daily dissem- 
inated throHffh its telegraphic columns. 



TiEZ^livdCB. 



DAILY, 

WEEKLY, 



;$5 GO PER ANNUM. 

I GO " 



J. R. CLARK, PresH and Oen'l Manager. 

BENJ. BLACKFORD, Vice-President. 

ALEX. McDOXALD, Editor-in-Chief and Secretary. 

W, W. WYSOR, Associate. 

BOARD OF D I RECTORS.— Dr. E. A. Ceaighill, Major P. J. Otey, Max 

GUGUENHEIMER, Ed. SiCHAEFER, JnO. W. CaRROLL, J. P. PETTYJOHN, C. M. BlACKFORD. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



poptilation of 6,290. The average daily attendance has been 2,010; 
the numbers of teachers is 47, * * ' * I think the City is to be 
congratulated on having schools equal to any in the country. 



" In conclusion, the prosperity of your City continues. Many com- 
modious and handsome buildings are in the course of erection; trade 
as good; the kindly relations hitherto existing between employer and 
employee have been undisturbed, and your municipal affairs have been 
fjaithfully and honestly administered," 




BUILDING OF THE "LYNCHBURG VIRGINIAN." 
(corner of main and tenth streets.) 

The subjoined are taken from the Reports for the year ending Feb- 
ruary 1st, 1887 — very recently published : 
From the Finance Committee: 

"It must not be overlooked that from 18S1 up to 1885, both in^ 
elusive, ^i,ODO,ooo was expended in the various departments, principal 
among which were the permanent improvements on the streets (over 
$280,000), and water (over $390,000), fire (over $70,000), .sewers (over 
$15,000)." ' ^ 



2S' SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCH BURC, VA. ; 

THE SOUTHERN JEWELRY HOUSE, 

F. D. Johnson & Son 

S02 ItJvdlaianL Street, Uy anLciLlo--.rgr, '^T'irg-inia.. 



This well'known house, which has done more than its share towards 
spreading and establishing the fame of Lynchburg in distant parts of 
the country as an enterprising commercial centre, was founded by Mr. 
F. D. Johnson, in 1854, in the town of Culpeper, Virginia. After 
twenty years of patient, but unremitting labor, Mr. Johnson had ac- 
quired that experience which comes sooner or later to all honest and 
persevering business men, and had become an adept at his trade. He 
had moreover reduced the mercantile department to a scientific method, 
which, combined with his unvarying custom of dealing in only such 
goods as he could safely guarantee, and charging his customers an 
even and low percentage of profit upon net cost prices, soon had the 
effect of increasing his business to such a gratifying extent that Cul- 
peper was not large enough to hold it. Accordingly, in 1881, Mr. 
Johnson moved his establisment to Lynchburg, and in the following 
year admitted his son, Mr. J. R. Johnson, to partnership. Since that 
time the operations of the firm — in its wholesale, retail and manufactur- 
ing departments — have multiplied with astonishing rapidity, and its 
order book, representing sales in all the Southern .States, as well as in 
New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and even as 
far away as Colorado and New Mexico, shows an average of 4,000 
orders a year. The firm, moreover, does as good a trade in almost 
every other^j^tate in the South as it does in Virginia. The Repairing 
Department receives an average of 1,500 crippled watches from outside 
points during the year, and the house dispatches over 2,000 registered 
packages per annum through the post-office. These figures give but 
a faint ideaof the volume oi business transacted by Messrs. Johnson & 
Son, which foots up annually to the handsome total of about $65,000. 
They supply all the principal colleges of the South with medals, badges, 
&c., and make a specialty of engraving, designing, and such work as 
monograms and other designs, illustrated catalogues of which will be sent 
free to any address on application. The other specialties of the firm 
are Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Solid Silver and Quadruple- 
Plated Ware, Spectacles and Eye Glasses, Gold and Silver Headed 
Canes and Umbrellas. All their Diamond W^ork, Medals, &c., are 
designed and manufactured on the premises, and hundreds of testi- 
monials in their i)ossession bear abundant evidence to the universal 
approval with which their work and their goods have met throughout 
the vast field covered by their trade. The " F. D. Johnson Watch" 
is justly celebrated as one of the very best time-keepers manufactured 
in this country. 



ITS PEOPL'A y\NU ITS TRADE. 2g 

From the City Eny^ineer : 

"From the record kept at t]ie pump house, it is ascertained tliat 
two of the pumps were operated at an average of twenty hours per 
day, and the steam puinp about five hours. The ca cu'aied quantil)- 
of water pumped tlie who'eyear is about 740,000,000 j^allons or ovtr 
2,000,000 gallons per day. (The pumping capacity is 4,oco,ooo gal- 
lons per day). * * * The pumps, reservtti'S and superst: ucl ures 
iiave been inspected and found to be in a lair and scr\iCLabIe con- 
dition." 




MES.SRS. F. 1). .TonxS()\ & SON'S JEWELllY STORE. 

(802 MAIX STKEKT.) 

From the Chief of the Fire Department: 

" We have been called upon only forty-six times, or thirty less than 
the year previous. In but one instance have the flames assumed an}^ 
magnitude — this at the factory of Messrs. Wright & Craighil! — and 
which had attained such head\\'ay when the alarm was given as to be 
beyond the power of mortals to suppress. The loss in this instance 
amounted to some $24,000. In the remaining forty-five cases, only 
some $5,000 was lost, a total of only about $29,030 for the year ; a 
very moderate sum as compared with the immense losses heralded 
almost daily from every section of the country." 



30 SKETCH B )0K. OF LYNCH IJURG, VA. ; 

(ESTABLISHED IN 1865.) 

The First National Bank 

OF LYNCHBUEG, VIFwGINIA. 



Capital S«: $150,000. Sumliis M DaMed Profits: $62,000. 



JOHN F. SLAUGHTER, President. JAMES M. BOOKER, Vice-President 

ALLEN W. T ALLEY, Cashier. 

DIRECTORS: 

CHARLES W. STATHAM, TAYLOR BERRY', J. R. CLARK, 

N. R. BOWMAN, JOHN H. LEWIS, J. SINGLETON DIGGS, 

JAMES BOYD, JAMES W. WATTS, E. A. CRAIGHILL. 



This Bank is one of the oldest monetary institutions in Lynchburg, 
having been founded immediately after the close of the civil war. It 
has been uniformly conducted upon conservative business principles, 
and has never shown the least symptons of weakness or embarrass- 
ment, even during the dark days of 1873, when so many banks suc- 
cumbed to the fury of the financial storm. The First National has 
mad^,- handsome profits for its shareholders, and has also accumulated 
large security for its depositors. Its stock is therefore very rarely 
found on the market, although always in strong demand at a high 
premium. Its dividends have averaged over 10 per cent, per annum 
during the whole term of its existence. It is to such sound and 
substantial corporations as the First National Bank that Lynchburg 
owes, in a large measure, her commercial stability and well established 
reputation. 



ITS PEC PL E AND ITS TRADE. 



31" 



FINANCIAL. 
The bonded debt of the City, as shown by the Auditor'.s Report, 
was on February 1st, i<S8-i, $ 1 ,o?o, 1 32. 10; on February ist, 1885, 
it was $l,o'9 532. 10; on February 1st, 1886, it was S 1 , 106, 5 32. 10 ; 
and on Februrry 1st, 1887, it was :^i. 154.992 76. The debt has 
therefore increased $1:54,8 3o within the last four years; but when it 
is remembered that during that period many \ast and valuable im- 
provements have been accomplished — such as the building of the 




ct)lle(;k hill kl.sekvoir. 

(BUILT IN 1877.) 

magnificent new Reservoirs on Clay Street, at a cost of $100,003; the 
acquisition of the Gamewell Fire Alarm System and the Flectric 
Light for the streets; the organization of a thoroughly effective paid 
Fire Department, and a perfect system of Sewerage — it will at once be 
evident that, in the words of the P'inancj Committee, in their Report 
to the City Council, "the means for paying your debt is therefore 
provided for in your charter, and is self-adjusting. " While the public 
debt has increased, taxation has remained undisturbed, consequent 
upon the largely enhanced value of property. 



32 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

F. A. KINCKLE 



916 MAIN STREET, 

LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA, 

CARRIES THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE LINE OF 

FINE SHOES 

IN THE CITY, 

SolEAgeDtfo[OUNLilP&CO;SC[LEBBAIED[IATS, 




HKADQIIAKIKKS LOR THE SOUTH, 

No. 108 Eighth Street, Lynchburg, Va. 

ic^iF'Gi nd, iMirrcyctic At^cnis Wanud in Every Cc^unty. Liberal 
Terms to brth Agents and l^'ariners Correspondence solicited. Cir- 
culars Mailed Free on Application. 

General Agrent. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



EDUCATION. 



The City of Lyncliburg possesses forty-four Free Schools, of which 
twenty-si.x are devoted to the education of white, and eighteen to 
that of colored children. In addition to these there are seventy-nine 
Free Schools in Campbell County — forty-nine for white, and thirty 
for colored children. 

There are also a number of excellent private schools for both sexes 
in and near the City; while the University of Virginia, Washington 
and Lee University, the Virginia Military Institute, Hampden Syd- 
ney College, and other eminent seats of learning are within a radius 
of sixty miles. 

THE LYNCHBURG FAIR. 

The Lynchburg. Ai^ricultural and Mechanical Society, organized in 
1869, has extensive grounds and buildings, in the southwestern suburbs 
of the City, where Fairs are held annually in the month of October. 
These Fairs attract large numbers of farmers and others from every 
quarter of the State, who bring their finest horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, 
fruit and other farm poducts for exhibition. Large sums are dis- 
tributed by the Society in the form of premiums, and it is safe to say 
that in no part of Virginia are the annual fairs better attended, and 
that nowhere else are finer specimens of live stock and agricultural 
produce exhibited. All praise is due to the enterprise and public 
spirit of the gentlemen forming this Association, a fuller account of 
which will be found in the later pages of this volume 

HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. 

The City is well provided with excellent Hotels and Boarding 
Houses, at which the cost of living varies from $50 to 320 a month, 
according to the accommodation required. Special rates are given to 
families. By the day the charges range from ^[.50 to S3. 

WATER POWER. 

The James River i:^ a rapid stream, averaging at Lynchburg about 
six hundred feet in width and four feet in depth. A series of dams, 
at and above the City, afford a fall of about twenty feet. This mag- 
nificent water power, which is available at both sides of the river, is 
only partially utilized for manufacturing purposes, although the entire 



34 SKETCH r500K OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

volume of the river can easily be made available. This water is owned 
by the City, and will be furnished as required at a nominal charge. 

At many points in the vicinity, both abo\e and below the City, 
there are splendid sites for mills, furnaces, and factories of various 
kinds. 

COMMERCIAL GROWTH. 

The wide extent of rich back country and the excellent facilities 
for transportation always enjoyed by Lynchburg, gave her, from the 
beginning, a heavy commission and retail business, under the influence 
of which she was steadily advancing in population and wealth up to 
the period of the civil war. Situated in the midst of the finest tobacco- 
growing region in the world, her people early gave their attention to 
the manufacture of this article, in which they attained great celebrity, 
and it was to this special branch of industry that the City chiefly owed 
her commercial importance. 

During the last twenty years of restored peace, Lynchburg has re- 
sumed her onward march with renewed energy and with such phe- 
n(_)menal success that she is to-day, in proportion to her population, the 
wealthiest cit\', exci pt one, in the United States. 

But her prominence is no loiv^er attributable exclusively to the 
popularity of her brands of manufactured tobacco, nor e\en to the im- 
mense quantity and supurb quality of the leaf handled on her ware- 
house floors — although in the latter respect she stands at the head of 
the list of great tobacco markets. 

Of late )'ears she has given much attention to and invested much 
capital in miscellaneous industries, also — such as iron works, furnaces, 
nail works, fertilizer factories, refrigerators, bark mills, barytes factories 
and other similar establishments, which give employment to large 
numbers of men, women and boys, who would otherwise find it diffi- 
cult to earn a livelihood — to say nothing of the cigarette factories 
which give honest and lucrative employment to hundreds of white 
girls. 

Nor is this all. The New Lynchburg is the home of enormous 
business houses which conduct only a wholesale trade, besides others 
which are wholesale as well as retail dealers. Prior to 1865, com- 
mercial travellers — or "drummers" — hailing from the "Tobacco City," 
were almost unknown quantities, whereas now they are familiar and 
welcome visitors throughout the South and Southwest, representing 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 35 

such departments of trade as Dry Goods, Drugs and Medicines, Boots 
and Shoes, Groceries, Fertilizers, and the like. Millions of dollars 
pour into the City annually through these channels, and the pro- 
nounced success with which they have met is sufficient proof that they 
can compete triumphantly with any of the vaunted Northern and 
Western markets. 




BIGGEIi'S PUBLIC SCEiOOL BUILDING. 

(COKXER OF FIFTH AND CLAY STKEET,S.) 

LOCAL INDUSTRIES. 

Resides the handling and manufacture of the " seductive weed," and 
the several other important industries carried on in and around the 
City, namely: iron works, foundries, flour mills, barytes mills, door 
and sash factories, sumac mills, fertilizer factories, ice factories, and 
others, already in successful operation, some nt:\y enterprises, of 
which mention will be made hereafter, are about to be undertaken by 
local capitalists. There is here a wide field for skill ;ind capital, with 
every rea.sonable prospect for its remunerative investment in the de- 



T,6 SKETCH BOOK OF LVXCHHUKG, VA. ; 

NORYELL-ARLIHGTOH HOUSE. 



LEADING HOTEL. 



Recently Enlarged and Renovated, 



CENTRALLY SITUATED ON CHURCH and EKriUI !! STREETS, 

Near the Post-Office, Court House, Banks, Churches, and other 

Places of Interest, Usually Sought by Visitors. One 

Square from Main St. and Street Car Line. 



TABLE AND ACCOMMODATIONS FIRST-CLASS. 



LARGE SAMPLE ROOMS ON GROUND FLOOR. 

Uooiiis With Baths. Steam Heat and Electric Bells. 

OMNIBUS AND BAGGAGE WAGONS AT ALL TRAINS. 

K. S. TERKY, Proprietor, 

lL3rrLCl:i"biJLrg:, - - TT'lrg^inia., 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



\7 



velopment of the numerous sources of industrial wealth not hereto- 
fore attempted in this favored locality. An examination of the map 
will show that, as a point for the collection of raw material and the 
distribution of manufactured articles, no better place than Lynchburg 
can be chosen. 

GOLDEN 0PP0RTUNIT1P:S. 

With capital sufficient to purchase the requisite plant, and the skill 
and experience necessary to direct its judicious application — with 




THE NOIiVELL-ARLTNGTON BOUSE. 

(CORXER CHURCH A^•D EIGHTH STS.) 



cheap and plentiful labor, combined with unsurpassed facilities for 
transportation — there is no reason why Lynchburg should not attain as 
high a reputation for her manufactured productions of iron, cotton, 
wool, paper, glass, wood, cotton- seed oil, boots, shoes, &c., as she 
has reached in the manufacture of tobacco. A cordial welcome awaits 
all who may be attracted to this inviting field of enterprise, together 
with the material aid and support of the municipal authorities and the 
community at large. 



38 



SKETCH H()()K OF LVN'CHBURG, va. ; 




LOUIS p. SHANER, 



CATTLE BROKER, 



FRONT STALLS, Nos. 2 & 4, 

BUSINESS COLLEGE. 

Kirst-class Instruction in Hook-kct^pini:, Pliiin and Ornamental I'enuKinship, Business 
Arillimi'tic— rai]id calculations— in llie I'ollei^e. 

"^. 2^£. c .^^. BTJiHiiDninsro-, Zj'!riTo:Ea:BTj:ELC3-, 

By D. R. McIVER, 

A teaclior of over six .■^■fars' experience (has three dii^lonias on Hook-keepino; and Pen- 
manship), and Head Teacher of Writinsi in City Graded Schools, and Teacher of Y. M. C. 
A. KiUicational Classes. Good references. Terms low. Pen- work by mail. Visiting cards 
written, 2i)c. per dozen. Call on, or address, 

D. R. McIVER, 

703 Clx-d-rctL Street, - ■ - Xj37-ii.ciLTc'j.rg-. X'^irg-iriia.. 

n.A.:M:ix.TOjsr bros.. 

Carpenters and Builders. 

Cop. T\A^elfth and Grace SLs., Lynchburg, Va., 

We execute all kinds of Builders' Work, such as Wood, Stone, Brick, Plastering, Tin- 
ning, Painting, Ac. Estimates cheerfully furnished, and correspondence solicited. 



ARMISTEAD & STEPTOE, 

Real [state ftgeots and General Intelligence Office 

No. 206 Tenth Street, 

ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, 

914 R'?ain Street, - ■ Lynchburg, Virginia, 

COMMEPxCIAL LAW A SPECIALTY. 

Uefekenck.s. -Lynchburg Nuf.onal Bank, and all tlie leading business men of the city. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



39 



SUMMER RESORTS. 

The country immediately to the west of Lynchburg abounds with 
mineral springs of various kinds, and all possessing special sanitary 
value. They are sources alike of health, pleasure and profit, and are 
justly entitled to at least brief mention in Lynchburg's " Sketch Book." 
Scores of these delightful summer resorts in the Piedmont District, 
Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountains are accessible in a few hours by 
rail from this City. Many of them are exceedingly beautiful and hand- 
somely equipped for the accommodation of from five hundred to a 
thousand or more visitors. Some of the most attractive of these 
charming sanatoriums are the Blue Ridge Springs, Yellow Sulphur, 
White Sulphur, Salt Sulphur, Red Sulphur, Alleghany, Sweet, Rock- 
bridge Alum, Coyners, the Hot. Warm and Healing Springs, &c. 
These watering places afford good markets for the surrounding country 
during the summer season, and Lynchburg participates largely in the 
trade derived from these sources. 

To the tourist, this section of Virginia offers many and various at- 
tractions. Amongst the most noted curiosities of nature within easy 
reach of Lynchburg are the Natural Bridge, the Peaks of Otter, the 
Caverns of Luray, the Natural Tunnel and the P^alls of James River, 
where it breaks through the Blue Ridge Mountains. 
GAME AND HUNTING. 

The forests, fields and streams of this pleasant region all supply an 
abundance of game for the sportsman. As a rule, the woods are toler- 
ably free from undergrowth, and are, therefore, easily traversed on foot 
or on horseback. The squirrtl, wild turkey and pheasant are very 
plentiful in the neighboring forests. Partridges (quail) are very numer- 
ous, as also woodcocks. Wild ducks of several varieties are found in 
large numbers on all the rivers and streams. 

Good deer hunting can be had in the Blue Ridge and Alleghany 
Mountains. Trout abound in most of the mountain streams, and in 
the large rivers there is excellent bait fishing for chub, perch, pike, 
&c. Foxes, both red and gray, are found all over Virginia, and fur- 
nish capital sport to those fond of " riding to hounds." But they are 
not in such numbers as to be troublesome or destructive. 

CEREALS. 

The soil of the "Hill Country" of Virginia, which embraces that 
region most directly tributary to Lynchburg, varies from light sandv 



40 SKETCH BOOK OF LVXCHBURC, VA. ; 

loam to stiff heavy clay. The more closely it approaches the latter 
the more highly it is esteemed, particularly for mixed farming and 
grazing. The principal crops raised in this district are tobacco, wheat, 
corn, oats and ha)' ; but all the grasses, grains, fruits and vegetables 
common to the temperate zone flourish here with ordinary care. The 
flour made from wheat grown in this section is considered the best in 
America, and brings the highest price in the markets where it is 
known. For many years it was considered the only flour that could 
be shipped through tropical latitudes without deterioration, and it still 
maintains its undoubted superiority in the markets of the West Indies 
and South America. On suitable land, with proper tillage, from twenty 
to thirty bushels of wheat per acre may reasonably be expected. 

In the James River Valley the "bottom" lands will yield, without 
manuring, from sixty to a hundred bushels of Indian corn per acre. 
On uplands of good quality, forty to fifty bushels would be considered 
a good yield. The oat crop usuall}^ succeeds corn, requires but slight 
preparation of the land, grows lu.xuriantly and yields — especially on 
bottom or moist lands — a good return to the farmer. 

Tobacco requires soil of the best natural quality, or the land must 
be highly manured, to aff)rd a paying crop; but, when skillfully man- 
aged, and under favorable circumstances, it returns a very large profit 
to the planter. Hay also yields an abundant crop, and finds a ready 
sale in this and other markets. 

FRUIT CULTURi:. 

The fruits of this division of Virginic-f are unsurpassed in quality and 
variety. The apple ripens from June to Novembjr, and the later 
varieties can easily be kept until the succeeding crop can be gathered. 
This is the home of the famous " .Albemarle Pippin " and the beautiful 
"Lady Apple," so highly and universally esteemed at home and 
abroad. Resides these, there are many other kinds of apples of ex- 
cellent quality and prolific fruition. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, 
cherries, grapes, strawberries, (Sec. grow freely and require no protec- 
tion during the winter months. 

The grape flourishes with a luxuriance not surpassed by the choicest 
vineyards in other sections of this country, or those of France and 
Germany. The eastern slopes of the l)lue Ridge Mountains furnish 
many thousands of acres suited to the cultivation of fruits, including 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



4^ 



those of the choicest and most dehcate varieties, which here attain the 
highest perfection. Experiments have proved that a better wine can 
be produced on these mountain slopes than ha.s yet been made else- 
where in the United States. 

The Superintendent of " Garden and Grounds," connected with tlie 




UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE AND rOST OFFICE. 
(on church street, near ninth.) 

Department of Agriculture, in his Annual Report to Congress for 
1869, speaking of "the most healthy grape of the Northern States," 
says : 

" Of course its quality is greatly improved by the length and geni- 
ality of the season of growth; for example, those who are familiar with 



42 SKETCH fiOOK OF LYNCHtURG, VA. ; 

(ESTABLISHED IN i8Si.) 

J. D. WATTS, 

DEALER IN 

WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, 

SILVER AND PLATED WARE, 

FROM THE LEADING FACTORIES OF THIS COUNTRY. 



OPTICAL GOODS, 



'siomertiiiG 



SEAVING MACHINES, 



AND 



SEWING - MACHINE + SUPPLIES. 



Gold Pens, Pencils, and Fancy Articles, in Great Variety. 

SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL KINDS OF 

SU}i MAIN STREET, 

Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 



ITS pf:ople and its trade. 



43 



the fruit only as a production of Massachusetts would not recognize 
its flavor and vinous character as ripened in Virginia. * * * The 
mountain slopes and plateaus in Virginia and other Southern States 
must be looked upon as the great producing regions of this Continent 
for a certain class of fine wines, not excepting California and other 
favored sections of the Pacific Coast. We must depend upon this 
• section for the 'coming wine-grape.''" 

GRAZING LANDS. 

The " Hill Lands" are not excelled by any other part of Virginia, 
Kentucky or the West as a grazing country. Here are "blue grass " 




COURT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

(corner of SEVKXTH 8TREET. ) 

tracts, watered by plentiful springs and streams of cool soft water, 
where cattle can feed the whole year round, and where neither hostile 
Indians nor wild beasts exist to disturb or destroy them. 

Mr. J. R. Dodge, of the United States Department of Agriculture, 
after enumerating the most favored regions in the Eastern and North- 
ern States, the Mississippi Valley and the eastern and western slopes 
of the Rocky Mountains, makes the following comparison : " But there 
is one other section, easy of access and superior in the quality of its 
gra.sses to any heretofore mentioned, with a climate mild and equable, 
in which the very finest and best samples of wool in the United States 



44 SKETCH BOOK OF I.VNCIIBUKG, VA. \ 

W. A. STROTHER & SON, 

WHOLESALE, RETAIL & MANUFACTURING DRU&GISTS 
The senior member of this firm established the business in the year 
t855, and has remained continuously in the occupation of the same 
premises — No. 904 Main Street — ever since that date. "Strother's 
Drug Store" may therefore be fairly regarded as among the "ancient 
landmarks" which commemorate the birth, growth and development 
of Lynchburg's commercial and industrial history. Mr. Strother had 
already built up a flourishing trade when the civil war broke out, in 
ib6i. In common with his patriotic fellow-countrymen, Mr. Strother 
volunteered his services to the Confederate cause. For a time his 
business operations were, to some extent, suspended, but on the res- 
toration of peace, in 1865. they were resumed with renewed energy, 
and within the last twenty years the volume of his trade has more than 
quadrupled. 

In 1 88 1, Mr. Strother admitted to partnership his son, Mr. \V. M. 
.Strother, and the firm assumed its present name. Besides dealing in 
the commodities common to all first-class wholesale and retail drug 
houses, the Messrs. Strother are extensive manufacturers of a number 
of their own recipes, including general family medicines, a full line 
of flavoring extracts, pills, liniments, hor.se powders, &c.: while 
among their more famous specialties, "Silver Medal Cologne" and 
"Strother's Dentaline " find a ready market in all parts of the Union 
— over six himdred gross of the former having been sold and shipped to 
distant points during the past year. Messrs. W. A. Strother & Son 
are also the patentees of a lubricant which has established itself in the 
favor of plug tobacco manufacturers throughout the country. It is to 
such houses as that under review that Lynchburg owes its high 
mercantile reputation, and the community, being "wise in its genera- 
tion," extends to it substantial evidence of its confidence and approval. 
This is the oldest house in the City engaged in the drug business, and 
the only one that ante-dates the civil war. 

THE PALACE BOOT, SHOE, HAT AND TRUNK HOUSE. 

DE AUEF=?S I N 

BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, TRUNKS, VALISES, UMBRELLAS, ETC., 

1024 MAIN STREET, LYNCIIHURG, VA. 

BOX t MAHUFACTURING t COMPANY, 

Toliacco Boxes aiiil Cases, Totacco Sliapes and Factory Fixtures, 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



45 



have been grown." He then directs attention to this locaHty, and 
says it is " the chosen hiibitat of the bkie grass and white clover, whose 
valleys and slopes and summits arealike fresh with verdure. Scarcely 
better known to the country at large than the fastnesses of the Rocky 
Mountains, the lands but little higher in price, this region should pro- 
duce large quantities of the finest and best merino wool in the United 
States, and the production of mutton, in view of proximity to markets 
and abundance and quality of subsistence supplies, could scarcely be 
undertaken elsewhere with equal advantage." 




MR. JOHN W. CARROLL'S RESIDENCE. 

(on HARRISON STREET, CORNER ELEVENTH.) 



THE JAMES RIVER VALLEY. 

From the discovery of the country to the present day, this beauti- 
ful Valley has been universally regarded as the best portion of Virginia. 
The James River traverses the State from the Alleghany Mountains 
to the Atlantic Ocean, intersecting the Mountain, Valley, Piedmont 
and Tide-water Districts, thus embracing within its influence every 
advantage of climate, soil and production to be found in the State. 
The scenery along the river, particularly in the hill district, is unsur- 
passed in variety and beauty. The cool, bracing atmosphere in the 



46 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 




have moved for the third tune into larger quarters, to accommodate 
their constantly increasing business, and are now located on Clay 
Street near Twelfth, where they are prepared for a larger business than 
ever before. They have already, with one exception only, the largest 
cigarette trade in the State, and if their former ratio of increase con- 
tinues, will soon take their place among the few large cigarette factories 
of the United States. 

* As their name implies, the " Lone Jack " is their leading cigarette. 
Others are also becoming favorites, the " Ruby" especially. AH their 
brands are free from drugs, or any adulteration, but made of the 
sweetest bright North Carolina and Virginia tobacco obtainable. 
Especial mention must be made of an entirely new departure — a long, 
pure Havana cigarette in brown tobacco paper, the "La Hidalguia" Cig- 
arette, made of Havana tobacco exclusively, of their own importation 
and selected by Sanderson & Co., Havana, the owners and original 
manufacturers of this brand. While these cigarettes may be too sub- 
stantial for the general cigarette smoker, they satisfy another class — 
the cigar smoker — giving him a better, a genuine Havana, and at the 
same time a cheaper, smoke than most low-priced cigars. The adver- 
tising matter used by the Company has been unique, because 
combining taste and elegance with usefulness ; we refer especially to 
the elegant brass plaque clocks, known all over the South and West, 
given free with the Lone Jack Cigarettes. 

Among the advantages of this business to the City we wish to men- 
tion especially the fact that it gives employment to a large number of 
girls, who in former years had no field of labor, or at best, a very 
limited one in this city. The Company employ a number of these, 
not only for packing and handling the cigarettes, box-making, &c.. 
but for making millions of cigarette holders, with paraffined tips, 
which ha\e added so much to the popularity of the celebrated 
Lone Jack Cigarettes. 

The principal stockholders are Mr. John W. Carroll, the owner of 
the world-renowned " Lone Jack " smoking tobacco brand ; Edmund' 
Schaefer, of Holt. Schaefer & Co.; the President of theCompany ; and 
R. H. Wright, former partner of W. Duke, Sons & Co., Durham, 
Manager. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



47 



vicinity of the mountains is a complete protection against every form of 
malarial disease, and is invigorating to the most delicate and sensitive 
constitutions. It is this portion of the James River Valley that un- 
doubtedly possesses the greatest charms to new settlers of all classes. 
Here the sturdy farmer in search of a healthy, rich and attractive " plan- 
tation ; " the lover of nature and field sports; the man of ample means 
and cultivated taste; the experienced and enterprising manufacturer in 




GARLAND'S HILL AND BLACKWATER CREEK. 
(from northwest end of church street.) 



pursuit of gain — all may alike find the highest enjoyment and pros- 
perity. Nature has been so lavish in her gifts to this happy valley, 
and its inhabitants have at all times found it so easy to obtain the 
•comforts and luxuries of life, that its rich stores of timber and minerals 
have hitherto been comparatively neglected — or at least they have 
remained practically undeveloped. During the past few years, how- 
ever, these dormant sources of wealth have attracted considerable 



48 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 



^THE LYNCHBURG NEWS 

Daily, Tri- Weekly and Weekly. 



THE LEADING HEWSPAPER 

In Piedmont and Southwestern Virginia. 



Daily, f5 per anniiin. 

Tri- Weekly, ^3 '' " 

Weekly, $1 " 



LOCATED AT THE GATEWAY OF THE RICH SOUTH- 
WESTERN COUNTRY, WHERE IT HAS A 

LARGE Ai INCREASING CIRCULATION. 



A Wide-Awake and Progressive 

Democratic Newspaper 



Presentinir all the News in the most attractive form. 



Iron Front Building, 

No. 215 Ninth Street, - . - - Lynchburg, Va. 

A. ^A/ADDILL, Publisher. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



49 



attention, and it is but reasonable to expect that Lynchburg, with its 
immense natural advantages, will before long become one of the 
greatest industrial centres of the New South. 

VARIOUS. 

The population of Lynchburg is now estimated at about 25,000 
souls. By including the immediate suburbs this number would be 
largely increased. In 1880 the census fixed the population at 15,959; 




LYNCHBURG'S FIRST TOBACCO FACTORY. 

(on elm avenue near horse ford road.) 

while in 1870, when, five years after the close of the war, the City may 
be said to have entered upon its second lease of existence, it contained, 
according to the official census, only 6,825 inhabitants. 

Not only has the City kept pace with its rapidly growing popula- 
tion as regards the number of its stores, factories and dwellings, but 
it has also made ambitious strides in the character of its buildings, and 
in all other matters tending towards public improvements, having 
regard to ornamentation as well as to mere utility. No city in the 



;0 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

United States of Lynchburg's size can show handsomer churches, 
factories, hotels, business blocks, private residences and public build- 
ings. In every direction are to be seen evidences of thrift and enter- 
prise. Wherever the eye may turn, it is greeted by magnificent new- 
structures bearing testimony alike to the wealth and the artistic taste 
of the community. On the main thoroughfares, as well as in those 
portions of the City and suburbs devoted to private habitations, busy 
hands are constantly at work filling up vacancies with sightly stores 
and factories and dwelling houses. Stately churches raise their taper- 
ing spires to the sky, while other sacred buildings, less pretensious, 
perhaps, bear testimony to the competence, liberality and piety of all 
classes of citizens. 

The City of Lynchburg is indeed fair to look upon, presenting, as 
she does, an air of health, comfort and prosperity which is well sus- 
tained by statistical facts. The scenery within and without her 
boundaries presents a charming and endless variety of hill and valley, 
field and forest, natural beauty and artistic embellishment, such as are 
rarely to be met with in any one locality. 

With a rich and productive back country, cheap land, abundant 
labor, a central position in the most favored region of the Southern 
Land, an equable and healthy climate, unsurpassed water-power and 
excellent railroad facilities, and removed by only an inconsiderable 
distance from the very sources whence the great manufacturing in- 
terests of the North draw their principal supplies, Lynchburg offers 
prospects and inducements to the capitalist such as few localities in 
the United States can justly present, as a careful perusal of this volume 
to its end — based, as its statements are, upon official facts and figures 
exclusively — will fully demonstrate. 




tTS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 5 I 



HISTORICAL. 



EARLY DAYS. 

Wa ike that of every other American City, the History of Lynchburg 
jlfif is inseparable in its early pages from that of the whole Conti- 
"^^ nent. It will not be necessary, therefore, for the purposes of 
this SKETCH BOOK to inflict upon the intelligent reader the familiar 
story of the great navigators, Cabot, Columbus, Amadas, and the rest 
— not to mention the still more remote, and therefore still less authen- 
tic, Madoc — nor need we recount the virtues of the aboriginal tribes, 
to-\\it ; the Susquehanocks, Pamaunkees and Chickahominies, with 
their renowned chieftains, Winginia and Granganameo, Powhatan and 
Opechankanough — distinguished alike for the euphony of their names 
and the simple amiability of their dispositions ; still less desirable 
would be the vain attempt to clothe the touching narrative of Poca- 
hontas with some new-found element of romance, or to enlarge upon 
the thrilling adventures and " hair-breadth 'scapes " of the great original 
Anglo-American John Smith! Suffice it to say that these worthy 
people — or others like them — certainly lived and flourished, some- 
where in Virginia, and at a period not many centuries prior to the 
birth of Lynchburg's "oldest inhabitant " — that is, if history and tradi- 
tion be as trustworthy as some people seem to think. 

That the Colony was regarded as a most desirable place of residence, 
even in the remote days of its first organized settlement, may be 
gathered from the often-quoted expression of the Captain John Smith 
above referred to — " Heaven and Earth never agreed better to frame 
a place for Man's habitation." 

At that time the whole of the North American Continent, as far as 
discovered, went under the general name of Virginia, but as the vast 
extent of the territory began to be appreciated, it was found expedient 
to divide it into two sections — North Virginia and South Virginia — the 
former embracing all the country lying to the northward of the en- 
trance to Chesapeake Bay, and the latter extending southerly from 
the same point as far as the Cape of Florida. 

On March 25th, 1584, letters patent were issued by " Bonnie Queen 



5- 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 



Bess," granting the whole American Colony to " that great ornament 
of the British Nation/' Sir Walter Raleigh, who immediately formed 
a sort of joint-stock company for the purpose of fitting out an expedi- 
tion to settle his new possessions. 

After a long and stormy voyage, this expedition landed, as every 
schoolboy knows, on Roanoke Island, now a part of North Carolina,, 
and at once opened commercial negotiations with the neighboring 
Indians, with most profitable results. 

Referring to this distant period of Virginia's history, Colonel Wm. 
Byrd, in his lVestoz>a' Manuscripts, quaintly remarks : 

"Amongst other Indian Commodities, they brought over Some of 
of that bewitching Vegetable, Tobacco. And this being the first that 
ever came to England, Sir Walter thought that he could do no less 
than make a present of Some of the brightest of it to His Roial Mis- 
tress, for her own Smoaking. The Queen graciously accepted of it, 
but finding her Stomach sicken after two or three Whiffs, it was pres- 
ently whispered by the earl of Leicester's Faction that Sir Walter had 
certainly Poisoned Her. But Her Majesty soon recovering her dis- 
order, obliged the Countess of Nottinghan and all her Maids to 
Smoak a whole Pipe out amongst them." 

So this was the microscopic starting point from which such vast re- 
sults were to follow, as the tide of time rolled on. The agricultural 
importance of a large area of Virginia, North Carolina and other 
States, the wealth of their citizens, and the establishment of many a 
flourishing town and city within their borders — all these things, and 
more, are traceable to the discovery, two centuries ago, of a nauseating 
weed ! What power is there even in a wreath of smoke, provided 
only that it issue from royal lips ! 

But tobacco was not the only valuable product of spontaneous 
•j-rowth found by the pioneer adventurers in this new Paradise, and 
reported by them to their friends across the main. Indeed, the 
accounts given of the Colony by those returning from its shores were 
so uniformly captivating, that it shortly became the " modish frenzy " 
to emigrate and share the delights thus lavished by prodigal Nature. 

Unfortunately, however, the new settlers were, as a rule, both idle 
and extravagant, and had been tempted hither chiefly by the prospect 
of absolute exemption from the necessity for labor, and abundant 
opportunity for the free indulgence of vice. 

Reckless waste and persistent improvidence led, as might have been 
expected, to numerous disappointments and misadventures, as well as 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



53 



to some very rough treatment at the hands of the savage red-skins. 
As a consequence, the rage for trans-Atlantic emigration cooled down 
completely, and was not revived till about the year 1606, when the 
colonization project received fresh impetus by the admission of the 
Earl of Southampton and other wealthy speculators into the Company. 
A hundred picked men were then sent out by the new management 
and landed at Point Comfort, on the waters of the " Chesapik," where 




NINTH (BRIDGE) STREET AND AMHERST HEIGHTS. 

(from court house hill. ) 

they built a fort and managed to stand their ground from that time 
forward, in spite of — possibly helped by — the blunders of their pre- 
decessors. 

Many and various were the calamities that subsequently befel the 
infant Colony, but still it continued to grow in strength and wisdom, 
and to exert its influence and authority over the tribes of untamed 
Indians, whose active hostility was a perpetual menace to its existence. 



54 SKErCM BOOK OF LYNCH BURC;, VA. ; 

TAZEWKLL M. Mel 'OlvKLK. H. A. SOTTTHALL. 

McCORKLE, SOUTHALL & Co.. 

■ 1! ^./l*^■^ •- '<^r\:^ _ _ _ '""'^^h nTrrr vt'^'itiI 



We encbavor to keep the best of all articles in our line. 

We guarantee purity. 

We will not handle adulterated food products knowingly. 

If any goods purchased of us are not as represented, we want them 
returned. 

O.'ders sent u^ shall have thj same care and attjntion as if patrons 
Avere present. 

We will always give }'ou good weiglits, good goods and good will. 

In STAPLE GOODS we select in each d„^partment acccording to 
QUALITY. 

In TABLE LUXURIES and in all delicacies for the sick, we excel. 

We toast our own Coffees fresh every week. 

In FOREIGN FRUITS and CONFECTIONERY, we select from 
the freshest offerings on the market 

When you want a fragrant Havana Cigar or a genuine Key West, 
we can supply you. Our 

FINE FLOUR OF THE ENTIRE WHEAT 

is superior to any wheat meal or "Graham " flour, because it does not 
contain any coarse, irritating bran particles, or indigestible husk of the 
wheat, which are unavoidably present and a part of all wheat meals 
and "Graham" Hours. Will sell you any quantity. 

We offer inducements in FINE ENGLISH BREAKFAST, MO- 
YUNE GUNPOWDER and fragrant OOLONG TEAS. W^e will not 
handle any but good chop. 

Our HOUSEHOLD AMMONIA will please you, for the toilet, 
laundry, and for the bath, as well as for cleansing and the sick chamber. 
Pint bottles, 25 cents. 

WE SELL SUGARS AT COST. 

HE-NO TPLA — the kind used by the Chinese — at 20c., 40c., 80c. 

FRESH BUTTER A SPECIALTY. 

I'^arly fruits and vegetables supplied in season. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TKADF. 



55 



The gradual division of the country into separate colonies, which 
have since become Sovereign States, belongs to general American 
Histor}-, and need not be enlarged upon here. 



"^ 



yi 




DIVISION OF VIRGINIy\ INTO SHIRES. 

The first historical event in which the L}'nchburg people of to-day 
may reasonably be supposed to feel any special interest, occurred in 
1634, when the Colony of Virginia was divided into eight "Shires," 



56 




SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

LEE & COMPANY 

I I 



iUay^i 



i^^iQH Immi 



AND DEALERS IN 



BALED FORAGE OF ALL KINIKS, CORN AND CORX MEAL, 
OATS, SHIP STUFF, ETC. 



MILLERS' AGENTS FOR FLOUR OF ALL GRADES. 



"We solicit consii^-iimeiits of Coun'try Produce of all kinds. ;iiid ijuarantee to do 
as well for you as any house in the State. We make a specialty of Fi.our of all grades. 
Our Leadin<; Rrands of Fine Patents are White Rosi' and Virjiiiiia Rose Family, 
Catawba and Valley Mills Extra, &c., &c. Special prices to parties biiyiuij car loads. 

927 Main, and I200 and I202 Jefferson Street, 

LYNCHBURG. VIRGINLV. 



DoHERTY & Fortune, 



-DK VLEUS IX- 



STOVES AND TIN-WARE^ 

No. 218 & 220 TWKLFTH STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 



Tin and Slate Roofing', Gutterinir and Repiirin-x. in city or country, done Promptly 
and on Reasonable Terms. 



LYNCHBURG BOX CO., 

:\rAN[;FACTUKERS OF 

Tobacco BoKes, Cip aod Smokiog Cases, k, 

CORNER CLAY AND TWELFTH STS, LYNCHBURG, VA. 



jg!^^ Button wood Boxes a .specialty. Shooks in car lots at lowest 
figures. 



JTS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



\1 



which were to be governed Hke their EngHsh prototypes ; lieutenants 
were to be appointed, whose special duty it should be to keep a wary 
eye and a heavy hand upon the hostile Indians; sheriffs, sergeants, 
bailiffs and other officials were to be elected for the purposes of en- 
forcing the law and administering the local government. 

One of these Shires — the only one with which we are at present 
concerned — was named Warrosquyoake (or Warrosquoyacke, or War 
rosquijoake), but this barbarous and unpronounceable appellation was 
abandoned in 1639, o" the occasion of the subdivision of Warros- 
quyoakeshire into the counties of Isle of Wight, Norfolk and Nanse- 
mond. 




MR. JAMES I. LEE'S RESIDENCE. 

(on CABELL STREET, DANIEL'S HILL.) 

In 1652, Surry County, adjoining Isle of Wight, was formed, and, 
from portions of these two, the County of Brunswick was set apart in 
1720. Lunenburg County was formed from Brunswick in 1746, and, 
seven years later, Bedford County was carved out of Lunenburg. 

CAMPBELL COUNTY SET APART. 

Campbell County, in which Lynchburg is situated, was formed 
from Bedford County in 1784, and named in honor of General William 
Campbell, a distinguished officer of the American Revolution. In 
form Campbell County is nearly square, each side being about twenty- 
five miles long. Its area is about 335,000 acres, or 525 square miles. 
Its surface is undulating and broken, and its soil very productive. It 



5S SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

is bounded on the northwest by th.e James River and Amherst 
County ; on the northeast by Appoinattox County ; on the southeast 
by Charlotte County ; on the south by the Staunton River and Hah- 
fax and Pittsylvania Counties ; and on the west by Bedford County. 

The James and Staunton Rivers are navigable far above the county 
limits for boats, thus opening direct water communication with Chesa- 
peake Bay and Albemarle Sound. In 1840 the population af Camp- 
bell County was 21,030, of whom 10,213 were white, 10,045 slaves, 
and 772 free colored. 

Besides the City of Lynchburg, there are several important towns 
and villages within the boundaries of Campbell County ; among v^hich 
are Rustburg, formerly Campbell Court House, the county seat, about 
twelve miles to the southward of Lynchburg, Brookneal, Leesville 
and New London. 

Mr. Howe, in his "Historical Collections of Virginia." published 
in 1S56, thus mentions our flourishing City: 

"Lynchburg, the fifth town in population in Virginia, is situated on 
a steep declivity on the south bank of James River, in the midst of 
bold and beautiful scenery, within view of the l^Iue Ridge and the 
Peaks of Otter, and 1 16 miles westerly from Richmond. This town 
was established in October, 1 786, when it was enacted ' that 45 acres 
of land, the property of John Lynch, and lying contiguous to Lynch's 
Ferry, are hereby vested in John Clarke, Adam Clement, Charles 
Lynch, }ohn Callaway, Achilles Douglass. William Martin, Jesse Bur- 
ton, Joseph Stratton, Micajah Moorman and Charles Brooks, gentle- 
men, trustees, to be by them, or any six of them, laid off in lots of 
half an acre each, with convenient streets, and established a town by 
the name of Lynchburg. ' The father of the above named John Lynch 
was an Irish emigrant, and took up land here previous to the Revolu- 
tion. His place, then called Che.stnut Hill, afterwards the seat of Judge 
Edmund Winston, was two miles below here. At his death, the 
present site of Lynchburg fell to his son John, by whose exertions 
the town was established. The original founder of Lynchburg was a 
member of the demonination of Friends, and a plain man, of strict 
integrity and great benevolence of character. He died about twenty 
years since, at a very advanced age. At the time of the formation 
of the Town, there was but a single house, the ferry house, which stood 
where the toll-house to the bridge now is. A tobacco warehouse and 
two or three stores were thereupon built under the hill, and it was 
sometime before any buildings were erected upon the main street. 
The growth of the place has been gradual. In 1804, a Methodist 
P^piscopal Church was erected upon the site of the present one, and 



TTS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



?9 



■shortly after a market was established. The first Sabbath School in 
.the State was formed in the church above mentioned, in the spring of 
1817, by George Walker, James McGehee and John Thurman. The 
next churches built were the First Presbyterian, the Baptist, the 
Protestant P^piscopal, the Protestant Methodist, the Second Presby- 
terian and a Friends' meeting house in the outskirts of the town. The 
Catholic and Universalist Churches were erected in 1-843," 

FORTY-FIVE YEARS AGO. 
in 1843 the LyncJiburg Republican published the annexed communi- 




THE OLD MARKET HOUSE ON NINTH STREET. 

(built 18l:J. REMOVED 1873.) 

cation, which is reproduced here for the sake of the interesting 
statistical information it contains: 

" The census of 1840 showed a population af upwards of five thou- 
sand. Since that time there has been a considerable accession to the 
number of buildings, from which we may safely assume that our present 
population reaches, if it does not exceed, 6,000. The extent of the 
Tobacco Trade of Lynchburg may be judged of from the fact that 
upwards of fifteen thousand hogsheads have already been inspected 
here the present year — a number which far exceeds all previous cal- 
culation. We have about thirty tobacco factories and stemmeries, 



6o SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

JOHN H. LEWIS. 

813 MAIN STREET, 

(P.O. BOX 2») LYNCHBURG, VA 



1021. Is/£a.ir3. Street, - I_i3;^::n.c3:i."b-CLrg-, T7"ir=:-iiij.a.. 



JOHN W. ROBINSON, U. B. TATE. W. H. WREN. W. H. MCLAUGHLIN. 

ROBINSON, TATE & Co., 
WHOLESALE GROCERS 

AND 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

317 Main Street, Lynchburg, Virginia, 



)rclcr.s by mail or t:'L\L';r.'i[)h receive i)r!>nipt attention. Consign- 
ments solicited. 



FAMILY GROCERIES,. CONFECTMERIErFRUITS, CI9ARS, TOBACCOS, &c. 

No. 712 Main SI net, Lj tielil>iiry, Va. 






I003 MABN STREET, 

I.VXCIIBT^iG, VIRGINIA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



6l 



f^ivinq- emplo}-inent to about 1,000 hands; three flouring mills, 
manufacturing, I am told, about 20,000 barrels of flour annually ; 
one cotton factory, operating 1,400 spindles; iron foundries, which 
consume, probably, lOO tons pig iron annually. More than 100,- 
000 bushels of wheat are sold here yearly, 300 tons bar iron, 200 
tons pig metal sold to the country; i,oco tons plaster of Paris. 
About 50 dry goods and grocery stores — selling in the aggre- 
gate, more than one million dollars' worth of goods Some of 




COURT STREET, LOOKING NORTH WEST FR0:M COURT ROUSE. 

our stores are so extensive and elegant as not to suffer by a 
coinparison with those of Philadelphia and New York — 4 apothecaries 
and druggists; several cabinet manufactories; 4 saddle and harness 
manufactories; 10 blacksmith shops; several excellent hotels; 5 
jewelers' establishments; 2 printing offices. 

"There are here branches of the Bank of Virginia and the Farmers' 
Bank of Virginia, and also three Savings Banks. Seven flourishing 
Sabbath .Schools, with from 700 to i,oco scholars. One debating 
society, with a library of several thousand volumes, &c., &c., &c. 



62 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

_• r-p-pq — p^-i ._ 

NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK, 

OF Lynchburg. 

This popular and successful financial institution was established 
in 1 88 1 under most favorable auspices, and its almofet phenomenal 
prosperity has more than justified the sanguine expectations of its pro- 
jectors and friends. Its office, on the corner of Main and Eighth 
Streets, was formerly occupied by the private banking house of Miller 
& Franklin, who began business immediately after the war, and built 
up a large and wealthy connection. On the death of the senior part- 
ner, Mr. John M. Miller, the firm was dissolved, and the National 
Exchange Bank not only succeeded it as tenants of the building, but 
also inherited a large proportion of its business. ■ 

Under the judicious and watchful management of its officers, com- 
bined with its uniformly courteous and accommodating policy towards 
its customers and the public generally, it has accumulated deposits 
equal in amount to any in the City, while the latest published quota- 
tions, based upon actual .sales, place the stock of the National Ex- 
change at the head of the list of Lynchburg Banks. Its capital is 
$100,000; its surplus, $25,000, and its undivided profits, $12,61 T.OI. 
The following is a list of its present Officers : President, George M. 
Jones; Vice-Presidoit, I. H. Adams; Cas/ncr, Camillus Christian; 
Directors, George M. Jones, I. H. Adams, S. B. Ferguson, Thomas 
E. Murrell, N. C. Manson, Jr., T. D. Jennings, G. H. Nowlin, W. 
A. Strother, George P. Watkins, S. W. Nowlin, Charles Scott, Jr.; 
Teller, D. T. M\^z\\^\\; Bookkeepers, J. B. Nowlin, E. P. Miller and VV. 
G. Christian. 

The National Exchange Bank conducts a regular banking business 
in all its branches, at home and abroad, and is, in all respects, a per- 
fectly safe and trustworthy institution. 

R W. THURMAN, 

STENCIL CUTTER, RUBBER STAMP MftNUFIlCTURER, 

AND GENERAL REPAIRER. 

HOTELS, PRIVATE RESIDENCES AND BUILDINGS OP ALL KINDS, FITTED UP 
WITH ELECTRIC BELLS, GONGH, ANNUNCIATORS, &C., &C. 

623 MAIN STREET, - - - LYNCHBURG, VA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



63 



From the hasty' view I have presented, and which by no means does 
justice to the industry and enterprise of our citizens, it will be seen 
that we have already the elements of a flourishing City. But I have 
said nothing of the magnificent line of canal, now in the ' full tide of 
successful experiment,' between this place and Richmond, from which 
we are distant 147 miles by water. This splendid work, the pride and 
boast of Virginia, opens to Lynchburg the brightest era which has 
ever yet dawned upon her fortunes, securing to us a safe, speedy and 
cheap navigation for the immense produce shipped annually to Rich- 
mond and the North — and destined, as the writer believes, to furnish 




WATER WORKS DAM AND " LOVER'S LEAP." 

a great thoroughfare for the countless thousands of produce and 
merchandise for the western and southwestern part of our .State, as 
well as Tennessee, Alabama, &c." 



"LYNCH LAW." 

With regard to the origin of this judicial eccentricity, or rather of 
the name by which it is now universally recognized, several theories 
have been advanced. Local tradition has ascribed it to the justifiable, 
if lawless, methods of enforcing the social virtues, practiced by a mem- 
ber of the Lynch family of this neighborhood, one of whom founded 
the City ; and this opinion seems to have been unhesitatingly adopted 
by Mr. Howe, who thus expresses it in his Historical Collections : 



64 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

" Col. Charles Lynch, a brother of the founder of Lynchburg", was 
an officer of the American Revolution. His residence was on the 
Staunton, in the southwest part of this County, now the seat of his 
grandson, Charles Henry Lynch, Esq. At that time this country was 
very thinly settled, and infested by a lawless band of tories and des- 
peradoes. The necessity of the case involved desperate measures, and 
Col. Lynch, then a leading Whig, apprehended and had them punished, 
without any superfluous legal ceremony. Hence the origin of the term 
Lynch Lazv. This practice of lynching continued years after the war, 
and was applied to many cases of mere suspicion of guilt, which could 
not be regularly proven. ' In 1792,' says Wirt's Life of Henry, ' there 
were many suits on the south side of James River for inflicting Lynch's 
law. ' At the battle of Guildford Court House, a regiment of riflemen, 
raised in this part of the State, under the command of Col. Lynch, 
behaved with much gallantry. The Colonel died soon after the close 
of the war. Charles Lynch, a Governor of Louisiana, was his son." 

But alas for the infallibility of local tradition and the unanimity of 
local opinion ! Referring to the above, a correspondent of the Lynch- 
burg Virginian writes to that paper, on November 20th, 1886, over the 
initial " W," as follows: 

* :]: * * * * * 

"This Colonel Charles Lynch was a brother to John Lynch, after 
whom our city was named. They were the sons of John Lynch, who 
came from Ireland and took up lands in this vicinity. He is said to 
have come from Limerick. 

" Now the reading of this article recalled to my mind a different and 
more remote origin of the term ' Lynch Law,' which I remember to 
have seen many years ago. 

"The story was to this effect: Many years ago, the Mayor of 
Limerick, named Lynch, was a merchant of high character, stern integ- 
rity, and an abiding sense of justice, a man of great popularity and of 
unblemished credit. 

" He was accustomed to buy largely from Spani.sh merchants, and 
upon one occasion sent his own son to Spain to lay in a cargo of 
goods; but the young man, finding the fascinations and pleasures 
around him too strong for his self-control, v/asted the money entrusted 
to him, and was forced, in shame, to go to the merchants with whom 
he had left orders, and countermand them, saying he could not make 
payment. Their reply was : ' The credit of your house is too good and 
well-established for us to refuse to send the goods, and we will ship . 
them and send our agents along with you, and your house can make 
])ayment to them upon their arrival, or at such time as it may prefer.' 
To this the young man agreed, and so they set out upon their voyage. 
But, in mid-ocean, he concluded to throw the agents overboard, and 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



65 



SO escape payment and the indignation of his father. But, upon his 
arrival in port, his father heard the story from some of the crew, and 
immediately had his son arrested and confined in his own castle, a 
stronghold. 

"The citizens, upon hearing this fact, assembled around the castle and 
demanded the release of the son. The stern but just old father said 
to them that, in his official capacity, he knew no man's son, and that 




RESIDENCES ON COURT STREET. 

DR. E. A. CRAIGHILL. MR. R. T. CRAIGHILL. 



it should not be said of him that he, who always endeavored to sup- 
port the majesty of the law, would be less exacting in his measure of 
justice because it was his own son who was the offender. He was 
told in return that his son should not be brought to trial for the 
murder of the Spaniards, and that, unless he opened the castle doors 
they would be broken down. The father, thus seeing that the law 
would be wrenched out of his hands, placed a halter round the neck 
of his son and had him suspended from the window above the heads 
of the infuriated citizens. This summary execution, without the form 
of trial, was then and there called ' Lynch Law.' 



66 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ," 

R. R. GOODMAN, 



MANUFACTURER UF 



obacco iogshcads, f icrcGs, Gases 



And all Kikds of Packikg Boxes. 



/^ 


m 


< 


TtI 


X 


> 


rTu 


< 


c 




l-M 


m 




) — t 


'X 

o 

o 


\ — < 


X 


X 


5^ 


o 


Sw- 



PLANING ILL AND WOOD WOlIl iiCHlNElil 



Flooring, Ceiling and Lumber Dressed at Short Notice. 



BRACKETS. WINDOW kM DOOR FRAMES. MLL SAWING. 
MOULDINGS. STORE FRONTS, k. 



IIIMII^'* • •««— # "^lltlll 



MILL, YARDS AND OFFICE : 



1300 to 1310 JEFFERSON STREET, 



LY^'CHBUEG, VA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



67 



" Your correspondent chanced to mention the above account to a 
gentleman of much intelligence, born in Ireland, who replied that he 
was familiar with the story, having heard it many years ago. 

"It now occurs to me, that as the above-named Charles Lynch, of 
Revolutionary memory, the originator of this form of justice here, was 
of Irish parentage, he had learned this story of his own namesake — 
and, maybe, progenitor — of Limerick, and so determined to introduce 
into America this Irish form of iustice." 




THE BIRTH PLACE OF THE CELEBRATED -LONE JACK." 

(in rear of new factory — TWELFTH STREET.) 

And alas, again, for the stability of the claim thus set up for Lim- 
erick, as having given to the world a new code of judicial procedure and 
to the dictionary a new word! As regards the latter, however, it 
cannot be denied that the Emerald Isle is quite equal to the achieve- 
ment, as witness the frequent and general adaptation of the modern 
" boycott." 

On the subject under discussion, the Encyclopedia Bntamca, (vol. 
XV, p. 105) pronounces as follows — and in so doing furnishes evidence 
of careful research and impartial judgment: 



6S 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 

TKCE 



\ 



>1 



1 1 



H 



IS FUBLISHEI] 

DAILI, SEMI-WEEKLY AND WEEKLY, 



AND HAS THE 



Largest nnulation (Sworn to) of any Newspaper in Yirginia- 

WEST OP RICHMOND, AND IS THE 

IIG IDIUM IN THE STSIL 



«<THE • ADVANCE)* 

Is the only paper in the City which takes the New York Associated. 

Press Dispatches, thereby giving ALL THE LATEST HOME 

AND FOREIGN NEWS, and reachcs its patrons in Sonth- 

west Virginia from twelve to fifteen hours 

AHEAD OF THE MORNING PAPERS. 

DAILY, one year..... $4 00 

SEMI-WEEKLY, one year 2 00 

WEEKLY, one year 75 

SAMPLE COPIES FREE. ADDRESS: 

ADVANCE PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO,, 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE, 



69 



" Lynch Law. a term used in the United States to characterize the 
action of private individuals, organized bodies of men, or disorderly 
mobs, who, without legal authority, proceed to punish, by hanging- or 
otherwise, real or suspected criminals, without a trial according to^the 
ordinary forms of law. The origin of the term is doubtful. Ameri- 
can lexicographers generally refer it to the practice of a Virginia 
farmer of the 17th century, named Lynch, who, when he caught a 
wrong-doer, was wont to tie him to a tree and flog him, without waiting 
to summon the officers of the law. He is also said to have acted, by 




CITY HALL AND COURT HOUSE. 



request of his neighbors, though without any legal authority, as a judge in 
the summary trial of persons accused of crime. Others trace the origin 
of the name to the act of James Fitzstephen Lynch, mayor and warden 
of Gal way, Ireland, in 1493, ^'^'^o '•'^ said to have ' hanged his own son 
out of the window for defrauding and killing strangers, without martial 
or common law, to show a good example to posterity.' Others trace 
it still further to the old Anglo-Saxon verb linch, meaning to beat 
v/ith a club, to chastise, &c., which they assert has survived in this 
cognate meaning in America, as have many other words and expres- 
sions long obsolete in Great Britain." 

But, however thickly veiled in mystery the true origin of " Lynch 
Law" may be, or may be destined to remain, and whether it was really 
indigenous to this fair region of the Old Dominion or not, it must be 
comforting to the patriotic Lynchburger to feel that the fame of his 
City need not rely entirely upon the final unravelling of this knotty 



70 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCH r.UKG, VA. ; 




(SUCCf:SS(>RS TO NOWLIN HKOS. & CO.) 

AVHOLESALE GROCERS 



-AND- 



Commissio 




HIGH GRADES FAMILY FLOUR A SPECIALTY 

AGENTS FOR 



The Hazard Po\A^der Co. 
Hercules Dynamite Co. 
Bradley Plows and Castings. 



Manufactured Tobacco. 
Bethesda Springs. 
Montague's Linii-iient. 



No. 70I MAI^J STREET, 



LYNCHBURG NATIONAL BANK, 



TJ. S. IDEI=>OSIT^ft!i-R"2'. 



CAPITAL: $250,000. SURPLUS: SSo.ooo. 

JAMES CLARK, Presidetit. C. DeWITT, Vicc-Prciident. PETER J. OTEY, Cashier. 

G. W. MOORE, .111., Teller. .1. .M. MILLER, Jr., Discount Clerk. 

JOS. S. GORDON, GeiiH Book- Keeper. IL S. STABLER, A ss't Book- Keeper. 

GEORGE WARD, Janitor. 

DIRECTORS "—James Clark, <-. DeWitt, Jno. W. Carroll, Geo. W. Pjilmer, J. P. Bell, 

Max GusSPiilu'iiner, Jr., S. M. McCorkle, W. A. Carpenter, J. W .Chiltls, W. V. Wilson, Jr., 

S. L. Moorman. 

dkaIjEu in 

Bee, Coal, Wood and Baled Forage. 

12U0 to 1230 .JEFFERSON STREET, LYNCH BURCi, VA. 
>ri>'' Particular Attention given to the shipping of COAL and ICE. 



M. H. HAYTHE, -^ 

iCriminal Law and Collecliunf!.) 



C. J. SEHORN. 

(Lands and Titles.) 



HAYTHE & SEHORN, 

Ninth Si., over P. A. Krise's Bank. 
Notary IN THE Office. LynChbUTg, VQ. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. y\ 

question. There can at least be no doubt as to the fact that Lynch- 
burg has given birth to other equally famous and much more credit- 
able progeny, about whose paternity there is no room for argument. 
Among these may be mentioned " Lone lack," whose excellence is 
familiar to e\'ery consumer of the "Celestial weed " in every quarter 
of the globe — alike within the frozen belt of the Polar Zone and 
beneath the scorching rays of the tropical sun — in the mining camp 
of the Far West and on the sheep run of the Antipodes. There are 
other articles of commerce, also distinctively the offspring of Lynch- 




ST. PAUL'S (PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL) CHURCIL 
(church strekt, corner of seventh.) 

burg, which have rendered her name sweetly familiar in every State and 
Territory of the Union, such as "Silver Medal Cologne," the fragrant 
product of one Main Street Drug Establishment, and " Camm's Emul- 
sion," manufactured at another ; there is " Phertiston," the magical 
fertilizer and insecticide ; and there are many more names which 
might be placed upon the roll of honor. Ikit wherefore ? This 
is not the record of a mushroom — born in the night, matured by the 
morning dew and doomed to perish before noon-day — but of a giant 
oak, still in its lusty youth — having only attained, as yet, the years of 
a single century, but already firmly rooted as the hills upon which it 
.stands. 



72 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

E. E. ROSS, 




L 






L 




IMxVNUPACTURER OF 



Minds of Builders' latGrial. 

SASH. BLINDS. DOOES. MOULDINGS. 

Scroll Work of all Descriptions. 

DCOR AND WJNDOW FRAMES, &c. 



03 

CO 




c^o 



► * 

CO 

CD 
►^ 
CO 



]':stiin.itfs made on iill kinds of Buildin^^^ and Remodelling, at short 
notice, in the City or Countr}', and 

ALL WORK GUARANTEED 

'Jo be h'irst Class. Rest references given. Correspondence Solicited. 
OFFICE AND SHOP, 

13 10 Jefferson Street, Lynchburg, Ya. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 73 

SLAVERY AND TOBACCO. 

The following extract, relating to the inception and growth of the 
slave trade and the early cultivation of tobacco, with their influence 
on the character, manners and general condition of the inhabitants of 
Colonial Virginia, will afford interesting and instructive reading to 
those who are not already familiar with the subject. It is drawn from 
the " Life of Jefferson," by Prof. George Tucker, of the University of 
Virginia, — a work of high merit, having been written with great per- 
spicuity and ingenuous fidelity, elucidating, as it does, incidentally, 
many important points in the civil, political and commercial history 
of the State. 

" In 1744, at the period of the birth of Mr. Jefferson, the settlement 
had extended about 200 miles from the sea-coast, and, in the northern 
part of the Colony, had passed the Blue Ridge. The population was 
then about 200,000, of whom from a quarter to a third were slaves. 

"The cultivation of tobacco and the introduction of slaves, soon 
after Virginia was settled, have had a marked influence upon the habits, 
character and fortunes of the country. The introduction of tobacco 
in England, about twenty years before the settlement of Jamestown, 
led to a rapid extension of its use. A demand being thus created, 
and a heavy price paid, encouraged the first settlers of Virginia to 
cultivate it for market, to the neglect of other crops. It long con- 
tinued the sole article of export, and, from the inadequate supply of 
the precious metals, it became the general measure of value, the prin- 
cipal currency of the Colony. In 1758, the quantity exported had 
increased to about seventy millions of pounds, since which time the 
product has somewhat diminished. 

"As this plant requires land of the greatest fertility, and its finer 
sorts are produced only in virgin soil, which it soon exhausts, its cul- 
ture has been steadily advancing westwardly, where fresh land is more 
abundant, leaving the eastern region it has impoverished to the pro- 
duction of Indian corn, wheat and other grain. Its cultivation has thus 
generally ceased in the country below the falls of the great rivers, and, 
in its progress to the west, the centre of the tobacco region is now 
two hundred miles from the coast. 

"The business of cultivating tobacco and preparing it for market 
requires such continual attention, and so much and so many sorts of 
handling, as to allow to the planter little time for any of the other 
useful processes of husbandry ; and thus the management of his dairy 
and orchard, and the useful operations of manuring, irrigation and cul- 
tivating artificial grasses, are either conducted in a slovenly way or 
neglected altogether. The tobacco district nowhere exhibits the same 
external face of verdure, or marks of rural comfort and taste, as are to 



24 SKETCH ROOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 




te Conpaof 



>:. SCHAEFER, President. T. C. JONES, General Manager. 

CHAS. M. BLACKFORD, Vice President. J. P. WILLIAMS, See'y. and Treas. 

Though the works are not in the City itself, this is nevertheless a 
Lynchburg enterprise, and, outside its tobacco factories, the most im- 
portant manufacturing establishment connected with the City and its 
trade. 

The works are located about four miles above the City; the " big 
dam " which spans the wide James just above their works, gives them 
the water power of the whole river, sufficient for several works as large 
as theirs, but as the Company own the whole tract of land along the 
river from the dam to the next lock, these advantages will remain 
secured to them forever. With excellent railroad facilities at their 
door, located in the midst of the ore lands of the James River Valley, 
within easy reach of the New River, Clinch Valley and Craig's Creek 
ore and coal fields, and with this immense water power secured to 
them forever, the advantage and value of their property cannot 
be overestimated. In order to fully develop the value of their 
property, the Company have now determined to add a blast furnace to 
their works, which will be completed by the end of the year. Making 
their own iron, they expect to double their profits, at the same time 
to enlarge the capacity of their works and to extend their trade into 
new territory. The new stock offered for carrying out these projects 
was taken up in three days; this fact is proof enough that the Com- 
pany's advantages and brilliant prospects are fully recognized. The 
capital stock of the Company is now about $200,000. After their 
present plans are carried out and the prospective profits realized, 
further additions to the works are contemplated. 

Their present capacity is something over 400 kegs of nails per day, 
besides several tons of bar-iron, spikes, &c. The demand for the 
products of the mill is gi'eater than it can supply, though working to 
its full capacity; their nails and iron being of superior quality, are sell- 
ing not only in Virginia and neighboring States, but as far south as 
Georgia and Alabama and in liirmingham, even in competition with 
its own products — in fact in many Southern cities. 

By increasing the capacity of their works and cheapening the cost 
of their product, the Company expect in another year to reach the Mis- 
sissippi and the Gulf States with their goods. 

Altogether their prospects are most promising and we know that 
the liberal and energetic management of the works will see to it that 
they are realized as far as in their power. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



75 



be seen in those countries in which its culture has been abandoned. 

"But the most serious consequence of the tobacco cultivation is to 
be found in the increase of slaves; for, though it did not occasion their 
first introduction, it greatly encouraged their importation afterwards. 
It is to the spirit of commerce, which, in its undistinguished pursuit 
of gain, ministers to our vices no less than to our necessary wants, 
that Virginia owes this portentous accession to her population. A 
Dutch ship from the coast of Guinea, entered James River in 1620, 
thirteen years after the first settlement of Jamestown, and sold twenty 
of her slaves to the Colonists. 

"The large profits which could be made from the labor of slaves, 
while tobacco sold at three shillings sterling a pound, equal to about 
ten times its ordinary price now, greatly encouraged their further'im- 
portation, by gi\'ing to the planters the means of purchasing, as well as 




PROPERTY OF THE VIRGINIA NAIL AND IRON WORKS COMPANY, 



the inclination ; and the effect would have been much greater if they 
had not been continually supplied with labor from the paupers, and 
sometimes the convicts, who were brought from luigland and sold to 
the planters for a term of years to defray the expenses of their trans- 
portation. 

" This supply of English servants, together with the gradual fall in 
the price of tolDacco, had so checked the importation of slaves that, in 
the year 1671, according to an official communication from the Gov- 
ernor, Sir William Berkeley, while the whole population was but 
40,000 the number of indented servants was 6,000, and that of the slaves 
was but 2,oco. The importation of the latter, he says, did not exceed 
two or three cargoes in seven years, but that of servants, of whom, he 
says, 'most were English, few Scotch and fewer Irish.' he estimates 
at 1,500 annually. 



^6 SKETCH 1500K OF LYNCHBURG, VA. \ 

.IA<;OB H. KUANKLIN. ('HAS. M. FRANKLIN. EDGAR FRANKLIN. 

Jacob H. Franklin & Sons. 

WHOLESALE 

Gfocefs^^CofiimissiofiMefcliants, 

Keep always in store one of the larjijest and most varied 
stocks of 

McaYij, Staplo and Fancij Groceries, 

to be fonml in tlie Slate, consistinir in part of Coffees, Teas, Sutrars, Syrups, Molasses, 

Bacon. Bulk Meats, Lard, Rice, Hominy, Cheese, Fish, Soaps, Candles, Soda, 

Bread Powders. Oils. Canned Fruits Vegetables Fish and Meats; 

Brooms. Buckets. Blackintr, Blueine:; Cakes. Crackers, Candies; 

Spices, pround and whole; Concentrated Lye, Potash, 

Matches, Paper, Paper Bags, Twines, Alum, Coj)- 

pen>s, Epsom Salts. Sulphur, &c., &c. 

Which they will sell strictly ivliohsale, as cheajj as they can be bought in this or any 

other market. 



THE 

lynchtarg Ice u Refrigerator Co., 

E. SCHAEFER, President. .JOHN W. CARROLL, \' ice President. 

P.. I. OTEY, Treasurer. 

Is a recent addition to the manufacturing establishments of the City. 
This Company, as the name indicates, make artificial ice, using dis- 
tilled water, viz., condensed steam, therefore an absolutely pure 
article i.s obtained, free from any vegetable or animal germs, which 
even the best transparent natural ice so often contains. Their capa- 
city i.s 20,000 pounds per day, more than this in cool weather, some- 
thing less during the hot weather, when they have to keep the 
temperature of their ice and cold storage houses down to the freezing 
point. 

Ice in Lynchburg is now selling at yi cent per pound, in larger 
quantities at $5 per ton, while in former years the price was about 
twice as high. The advantage this establishment has been to the City 
is therefore apparent at a glance. What in most other inland cities 
of the South is still more or less a luxury, is here selling so low as to 
bring this — a necessity, almost, in a hot climate — within the reach 
of all 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



71 



" But in process of time slave labor was found preferable to that of 
indented white servants, partly because the negro slaves were more 
cheaply fed and clothed than the laborers who were of the same race 
as the masters, but principally because they were less able to escape 
from bondage, and were more easily retaken. The colonial statute 
book affords abundant evidence of the frequency and facility with which 
the indented servants ran away from their masters ; and the extent of 
the mischief may be inferred from the severity of its punishment. In 
1642, runaway servants were liable, for a second offence, to be branded 
on the cheek; though fifteen years afterwards the law was so far miti- 
gated as to transfer this mark of ignominy to the shoulder. In 1663, 
their term of service, which did not often exceed four or five years, 




RESIDENCE OP MR. P. A. KRISE. 
(cor. church and sixth streets.) 



might, for the offence of running away, be prolonged, at the discretion 
of a magistrate, and the master might superadd 'moderate corporeal 
punishment.' In the following year, this class of persons, prompted 
by the convicts who had been sent over after the restoration of Charles 
the Second, formed a conspiracy of insurrection and murder, which 
was discovered just in time to be defeated. Seven years afterwards, 
in 1670, the Governor and Council took upon themselves to prohibit 
the further importation of convicts, whom they call 'jail birds,' and 
they assign this conspiracy as one of their motives for the order. The 
privilege, too, enjoyed by the servant, of complaining to the magistrate 
for the harsh treatment of his master, either as to food, clothing or 



/S SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

WINFREE, ADAMS & LOYD, 

MANUFACTrRERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Plug, Twist, and Smoking Tobacco. 

fn.HE business enterprise, prosperity and solidity of n, City are in a Uir;L,^e measure 
I indicated by the extent and character of her commercial houses. In the com- 
^ merce of the South, the City of Lynchburg occupies a prominent and important 
position. Her situation, as the natural depot for the reception, manuf icture and ship- 
ment of tobacco, gives her special prominence in connection with this great staple, 
which may be considered the main source of the pros[)erity, wealth and commercial 
standing of the City. 

The old, wealthy and successful establishments en imaged in handlinij and manu- 
facturing tobacco have become familiar by trade and reputation in all sections of the 
land. 

One of these is the firm now under review. In 18G7, Mr. C. V. Winfree and Mr. 
William H. Loyd associated themselves together under the firm name of Winfree & 
Loyd. Tiie house soon took rank as one of the leading tobacco manufae-tories in this 
part of the country— a position to which it was justly entitled from the variety 
and magnitude of its stock, its extensive transactions, and the-well-known charac- 
teristics of the gentlemen compr)sing the firm. 

About four years ago Mr. (Jharles L. Adams, who" had previously served the firm 
with faithfidness and ability for many years, was admitted as a partner, and the present 
name of the tirm (Winfree, Adams & Loyd) was adopted. 

i\ll the members are practical men, having acquired by long training and experi- 
ence a thorough knowledge of their work and their business is managed carefully, 
scientifically, and ivith the consummate judgment wliieh disdains the use of inferior 
materials or the offering of anything short of excellence in manufactured articles. The 
financial part of tlie concern is managed by the senior [)artner, while Mr. Loyd attends 
to buying the raw material at the wareliouse sales, and, being a fine judire of qualities, 
selects the leaf with the utmost care. Tlie tilliug of orders and active office business 
is under the immediate su{)ervision of Mr. Adams. 

The factory of tiie firm is situated at the coi-ner of Tenth and Lynch Streets, and 
conijjrises two large four-story brick buildings, forming together one commodious and 
complete establishment, thoroughly equipi)ed with the nsachinery and appliances neces- 
sary for their extensive operations. 

The manufacturing business is organized into different departments, managed by 
com])etent men, all under theconstiint direction of the proprietors. Mr. George W. 
Stanley, who lias charge of the manufacturing department, is considered one of the 
best factory managers and manufacturers in V^irginia. 

Their trade in manufactured tobacco is extensive throughout all the Southern 
States, New Orleans especially being one of the principal centres from which their 
brands are widely distributed. The house deals exclusively and entirely in medium and 
fine grades of tiie weed, and the brands they manufacture have become justly popular 
with consumers. 

Their niost celebrated ))rands aie " Ai'kansas Traveller," a 9-inch rich Mahogany 
j)lug ; '-Nectar Leaf," an 11 and 12-inch plug for general ui-e ; "Mississippi Sawyer," 
a great favorite in certain markets; "Cloth of Gold," fine 12-inch plug; "Yum 
Yum," " Tom and Jerry," " Nip and Tuck." " -lack and Gill," and "Yazoo Belle." 
The " Eclipse " twi.st is made from Hurley filler and affords an excellent chew. "Fanny 
Leslie " and " Little Helen " are fine gratles of tobacco, also put up in twist form. 

In granulated srankmg tobacco the firm puts u]) " Virginia Bride," " Old Vir- 
ginia," "Southern Puff," and other brands in pounds, quarters, eighths and other 
quantities, as demanded. 

The trade of the house is entirely wholesale, and the firm having the best facilities 
for tlie prompt fulfillment of orders,"is in a position to offer inducements to the trade 
second to none of its contenqioraries, while liberality and fair dealing will be found to 
characterize all its transactions. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 79 

punishment, formed, no doubt, a further ground of preference for slaves, 
who had no such inconvenient rights. 

" Under the united influence of these circumstances, the number of 
negro slaves so increased that, in 1732, the Legislature thought proper 
to discourage their further importation, by a tax on each slave im- 
ported; and, not to alarm the commercial jealousy of England, the 
law, conforming to the notions of the age, formally provided for what 
no mode of levying the tax could have prevented, that the duty 
should be paid by the purchaser. This duty was at first five per cent, 
on the value of the slave, but in a few years afterwards, (1740) it was 
increased to ten per cent, from which it was never reduced. It did 
not, however, prevent large importations, for we find the number to 
have increased in 119 years in the ratio of i to 146; that is, from 
2,000 in the year 1 67 1, to 293,427 in 1790; while in the same period 
the whites had increased only as i to 12, or from 38,000 to 454,881, 
In the forty years which have elapsed, from the first to the last census, 
it is gratifying to perceive that the increase of the free population in 
Virginia has been somewhat greater than that of the slaves, in the 
proportion of 63 per cent, to 60, and that this comparative gain 
seems to be gradually increasing. 

"As Eastern Virginia is everywhere intersected by navigable rivers, 
which are skirted on either side by rich alluvial lands, the early settlers, 
whose plantations were principally ^ong the margins of the rivers, 
were able to carry on a direct intercourse with foreign countries, from 
their separate dwellings. Thus commerce, by the very diffusion of 
its most important natural facilities, did not here concentrate in a few 
favorable spots and foster the growth of towns, as in most of the other 
Colonies ; and, at the beginning of the Revolution, Williamsburg, the 
seat of Government, and the largest town in Virginia, itself the most 
populous of the Colonies, did not contain 2,000 inhabitants. But as 
the bees which form no hive collect no honey, the commerce, which 
was thus dispersed, accumulated no wealth. The disadvantages of this 
dispersion were eventually perceived by the Colonists, and man)- efforts 
were made by the Legi.slature to remedy the mischief by authorizing 
the establishment of towns on selected sites, and giving special privi- 
leges and immunities to those who built or those who resided on them. 
Their purpose was also favored, and even stimulated, by the Govern- 
ment, from fiscal considerations. Rut most of these legislative efibrts 
failed, and none were very successful. Thus, in 1680, as many as 
twenty towns were authorized by Act of Assembly, being one for 
each County; yet at not more than three or four of the designated 
spots is there even a village remaining to attest the propriety of the 
selection. 

"There were, indeed, wanting in the Colony all the ordinary con- 
stituents of a large town. Here were no manufactories to bring 
together and employ the ingenious and industrious. The Colonists, 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNXHBURG, VA. ; 

LYNCH HOUSE. 

LEADING HOTEL. 



CD 



CD 



. 4 

i 

CD 



6¥ 




CD 

CD 
CD 

CD 
CD 
c— »- 






FIVE piNflTEg W/ILK FI^OP DEPOT. 

$2,00 Per Day, Meals and Lodgings, 50 Cents Each. 

TABLE UNEXCELLED. 

Best SarT:iple Rooms in the City. 

hot and cold baths. 

Baggage Wagons and Porters Meet all Trains. Omnibus Free. 

PETTYJOHN & MARSHALL, 



FK,OI»I*IETOI?,S, 



T^-y ncliLlo-cLxg', 



"^irg^irLia., 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 8 1 

devoting themselves exclusively to agriculture, owned no shipping 
which might have induced them to congregate for the sake of carrying on 
their foreign commerce to more advantage; here was no Court, which, 
by its splendor and amusements, might attract the gay, the volup- 
tuous and the rich; there was not even a class of opulent landlords, 
to whom it is as easy to live on their rents in town as in the country, 
and far more agreeable. But the very richest planters all cultivated 
their own lands with their own slaves; and, while those lands fur- 
nished most of the materials of a generous and even profuse hospitality, 
they could be consumed only where they were produced, and could 
neither be transported to a distance nor converted into money. The 
tobacco, which constituted the only article of export, served to pay 
for the foreign luxuries which the planter required ; yet, with his 
social habits, it was barely sufficient for that purpose, and not a few 
of the largest estates were deeply in debt to the Scotch or English 
merchants who carried on the whole commerce of the country. Nor 
was this system of credit more eagerly sought by the improvident 
planter than it was given by the thrifty and sagacious trader, for it 
afforded to him a sure pledge for the consignment of the debtor's 
crop, on the sales of which his fair perquisites amounted to a liberal 
profit; and if he was disposed to abuse his trust, his gains were enor- 
mous. The merchants were therefore ready to ship goods and accept 
bills of exchange on the credit of future crops, while their factors in 
the Colony took care, in season, to make the debt safe by a mortgage 
on the lands and slaves of the planter. Some idea of the pecuniary 
thraldom to which the Virginia planter was formerly subjected may 
be formed from the fact that twice a year, at a general meeting of the 
merchants and factors in Williamsburg, they settled the price of to- 
bacco, the advance on the sterling cost of goods, and the rate of ex- 
change with England. It can scarcely be doubted that the regulations 
were framed as much to the advantage of the merchants as they be- 
lieved it practicable to execute. Yet it affords evidence of the 
sagacious moderation with which this delicate duty was exercised, that 
it was not so* abused as to destroy itself 

" This state of things exerted a decided influence on the manners 
and character of the Colonists, untrained to habits of business and 
possessed of the means of hospitality. They were open-handed and 
open-hearted; fond of society, indulging in all its pleasures and prac- 
ticing all its courtesies. But these social virtues also occasionally 
ran into the kindred vices of love of show, haughtiness, sensuality — 
and many of the wealthier class were to be seen seeking relief from 
the vacuity of idleness, not merely in the allowable pleasures of the 
chase and the turf, but in the debasing ones of cock-fighting, gaming 
and drinking. Literature was neglected, or cultivated by the small 
number who had been educated in England, rather as an accomplish- 



S2 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

GEORGE D. WITT. GEORGE P. WATKINS. 

WITT & WATKINS, 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Boots & Shoes. 



These gentlemen commenced business in July, 1S7S, and are the 
Pioneers in the Exclusively Wholesale BOOT and SHOE Trade 
in Lynchburg. Their business has increased regularly with each 
season, necessitating a move from one Warehouse to another, to 
obtain more commodious quarters, until February of 1883, when they 
mo\ ed into the spacious building which they now occupy, No. 808 
Main Street, (see engraving on page loi), the dimensions of which 
are 25 feet front by 132 feet deep, five .stories high, with all of the 
modern improvements for the conduct and dispatch of business. 
They have found it profitable to employ six traveling salesmen, and 
their house is represented all through the Southern States generally. 
Their motto from the commencement of their business has been 
" quick sales and small profits," and to-day they claim to be the lead- 
ing JOBBING BOOT AND SHOE HOUSE of the Old Dominion. 
Their Kip Hand-Made Western- I m pro ved Boot and Shoe, sold un- 
der their guarantee, enjoy a reputation for general utility and dura- 
bility unequalled by any similar styles of goods on the market. 

Among the advantages which this House has are the quick delivery 
of goods to their customers, being nearer to the trade for which they 
cater, and the .saving of freight to their patrons, which in many in- 
stances is less by 2}^ to 3 per cent, on an entire bill, than from 
Northern markets. Recognizing and even realizing the oft-ques- 
tioned, but nevertheless indisputable and irrefutable argument, that 
Southern Jobuinc, Houses, as compared with those in the North 
and East, hold, in a steadily increasing degree, the vantage ground, 
based on the fundamental principles of reason and economy, to fur- 
nish and supply the South with her merchandise, WITT & WAT- 
KINS press forward from season to season with renewed energy and 
strengthened determination to force their advantages of situation into 
notice, and their success, as the result of their efforts, continues to 
grow to a very gratifying extent, as the years come and go. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



83 



ment and a mark of distinction than for the substantial benefit it 
confers. 

"Let us not, however, overrate the extent of these consequences 
of slavery. If the habitual e.xercise of authority, united to a want of 
steady occupation, deteriorated the character of some, it seemed to 




give a greater elevation of virtue to others 



Domestic slavery, in fact, 
places the master in a state of moral discipline, and, according to the 
use he makes of it, is he made better or worse. If he exercises his 
unrestricted power over the slave, in giving ready indulgence to his 



84 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Attorney- at-Law, 

LYNCHBUR G, - - VI RGINIA. 

TiMBERLAKE, JaCKSON & CO.. 

MANUFACTURERS OF TOBACCO, 



CBCIE^sAT" 



\ coojyr, Xiy^^^y, 



Sxji^a-Eonsr IDe]N"tist, 

908 3IAIN ST., LYNCHBURG, VA. 



W. M. SEAY, 

814 Church Street, Lyiiehbitrg, Va. 
CALL FOR ESTIMATES. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 



W. O. JOHNSON, 

DEALER IN 

STAPLE anfl FHCY GROCERIES, CONFECTIONERIES. TOBACCO, CIGARS, k 

S14 Main Street, Lynchburg, Yirginia. 

Dunsmore's Business College, Staunton, Virginia. 

This Institution lias ))een iiicorpi)rateil by tlie Lojiislature of tlie State of Virginia and 
endorsed by some of ber best citizens. It not only teaches younsc and middle-aged men 
thetheory of Business and Accounting, but each and every one is required to do actual 
business transactions, as they would have to do in every-day life. They are thoroughly 
ti'alned in everything pertaining to business life. 

Staunton, Va., July 30, 1884. 
We take pleasure in recommending to the public "Dunsmore's Business College," of 
this city. We have attended and taken i)art in several examinations of Mr. Dunsmore's 
pupils, and can testify to his thoroughness as a teacher, and to the uniform proficiency 
Of his scholars. His pupils are now filling a number of important positions, and his college 
is destined to take; rank among the leading Business Colleges of the country. 

THO. A. BLEDSOE, Cdshier Nat. Val. Bank. 
W. P. TAMS, CuHhiir Aiujusta Nat. Bank. 
Staunton, Va., May 20, 1886. 
* * * You are doing an admirable work and doing it admirably. I do not hesitate to 
commend you and your institiation very heartily. HEUBERT H. HAWES, 

Pastor Second Presbyterian Church. 

Staunton, Va., May 26, 1886. 
It gives me pleasure to bear witness to the surpassing merits of Prof. Dunsmore's Busi- 
ness College. He is a born teacher, and his College has no superior. ,. , ^, 

JAAlES NELSON, D. D., Pastor First Baptist Church. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



85 



liumors or caprice — if he habitually yields to impulses of anger, 
and punishes whenever he is disobeyed, or obeyed imperfectly — 
he is certainly the worse for the institution which has thus af- 
forded aliment to his evdl propensities. But if, on the other 
hand, he has been taught to curb these sallies of passion or freaks of 
caprice, or has subjected himself to a course of salutary restraint, he is 
continually strengthening himself in the virtues of self-denial, forbear- 
ance and moderation, and he is all the better for the institution which 
has afforded so much occasion for the practice of these virtues. (The 
character of the Presidents which Virginia has furnished may be ap- 
pealed to for a confirmation of this view ; and many living illustrations 
will readily present themselves to all who have a personal knowledge 




FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
(on main street, between twelfth and thirteenth.) 
of the Southern States.) If, therefore, in a slave-holding country, we 
see some of the masters made irascible, cruel and tyrannical, we see 
many others as remarkable for their mildness, moderation and self- 
command ; because, in truth, both the virtues of the one and the vices 
of the other are carried to the greater extreme by the self-same pro- 
cess of habitual exercise." 

MUNICIPAL. 
In the year 1880, the City Ordinances of Lynchburg were revised 
and arranged by the then City Attorney, Capt. Charles M. Blackford, 



86 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 



O. J^. GOLEHVII^JN" &o OO. 



-DEALEISS IN- 



BOOT8, SHOES, HATS, TRUNKS, &c., &c. 

j8®=-PRIUES T(» suit THE TUMES. 



Advoup contPiiiplatins building will ttnd it to tlieir advantage to correspond with K. 
(J . HUKKHuLLiEK iV KOX before beginningto build. Time, money and trouble saved, by 
having your plans tlioroughly prepared, and the erection superintended by competent 

R. C. BURKHOLDER & SON, Architects, 

LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 



JOHN M. PAYNE, 

Attorney-at-Law and Commissioner in Chancery, 

OF THE CIRCUIT UOUHT. 

Lynchburg, Virginia. 

•*■ Practices in tlie Courts of Lynclibuig and neigliljoring Counties. 



J. W. EDWARDS, 

804 Main Street, Lynchburg, Va. 

J^^^A coniniodunis and thoroiij,dily equii>iMMl studio. Pictures taken by the new 
"Instantaneous Pioeess." 

J". IF^HIIXj. shzj^^dntek., 

(I.ATK .iF SII.VNER liKOS.) 



o 




to 




°« 






ll; 


Q 


en 


Kf 


t-> 






m 


o 





'-r' 


7, 




(fi 


H 




W 


crt 


Ui 


fO 


Pd 




< 




TJ 












rD 




D- 


•Tl 


V 


> 


^-^ 


S 


'/. 




rj' 


r 


o 






M 




m 


^ 




o 





LYNCHBURG, VA. 

MOTTO: — OuicK Sales, Fair Dealincis and Small Profits. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



87 



and published in a neat volume, containing also a good deal of valua- 
ble extraneous information. The following extracts from the intro- 
duction to this work will be found interesting, as bearing directly upon 
the municipal history of the City : 

" The Legislature of Virginia, in October, 1786, vested in certain 
trustees forty-five acres of the land of John Lynch, ' lying contiguous 
to Lynch's Ferry,' in the county of Campbell. The village thus laid 
out was named Lynchburg, after the owner of the soil. The trus- 
tees sold this land in half-acre lots, at public auction at first, and sub- 
sequently at private sale, for the benefit of John Lynch. The lots 
brought an average of ^^53, in the Virginian currency of that day. 




RESIDENCE OP Mli. JOHN W. FAULKNER. 

(ON Fn-"rU AVENUE.) 

" The first meeting of this Board of Trustees was held on the <Sth 
of May, 1787, at which John Clarke, Jesse Burton, Joseph Stratton, 
William Martin, Micajah Moorman and Achilles Douglas were pres- 
ent. Richard Stith was appointed to survey and lay off the town. 
According to his map, the eastern boundary of the town was Lynch 
Street ; the western. Court Street ; the northern, a line running be- 
tween Sixth and Seventh Streets, at right angles to Lynch and Court 
Streets ; and the southern, a line running between Eleventh and 
Twelfth Streets, parallel to the northern boundary. 

" The trustees had no control of the town, except over the legal 
titles of the unsold lots ; the money they received for the lots was 
paid over to John Lynch. They met from time to time from 1786 
to 1817. 

******* ^: 

" The Town of Lynchburg was first incorporated by an Act of the 



88 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

HILLSMAN & MYERS, 

The * Reliable * Clothiers, 

Merchant Tailors and Gent's Furnishers, 

Enjoy an enviable reputation among the Clothing Trade of Central 

Virginia. Both members are native-born young men, of untiring 

energy, who by polite attention and fair dealing have gained for 

themselves a high position as successful merchants. They 

show one of the largest and best-selected stocks of 

Clothing I Gent's Furnishing Goods 

TO BE FOUND IX THE SOUTH. 

Artistic t Tailoring $ a J Specialty. 

903 Main Street, Lynchburg, Va. 

WM. H. FORd7 

MUNOFiiciyfitfi OF moNS m bogcies, eniLfioiio m m^ cuiiis, 

Wleelliarrows. Plows, Harrows, Straw Cutters, &c„ 

LYNCH STREET, BETWEEN llTH AND 12TH. LYNCHBURG, VA, 

Contractor for all kinds of Stone and Brick Work. Also, constantly on hand in 
larg:e quantities ALL KINDS OP TEKRA LOTTA PIPING, for Sewers" and Drums. 
CHIMNEY CAPS, &c. 



JOHN W. JONES, 

(Successor to Elliott & Jones.) 

LIVERY .R ^ SWmCHSJRBI, 



^=-9tli and lOtli, 



Saddle Sorse;, Hicks aid Suggics for Eiit. Hoises and Ms fot Sals. 

Carriages, Buggies, PlKi'tons and Spring Waguiis for Hire. ms'TKrEPHOJX'H 68. 




ITS PEOPLE AND ITS IRAUE. 



89 



General Assembly passed on the loth of January, 1805. As the 
Record Book of the Common Council, from its first meeting-, in 1805, 
to the year 181 i, has been lost, there is nothing known of the first 
organization of that body. The first Corporation Court met on the 
6th of May, 1805, in the Masonic Hall, situated on the corner of 
Ninth and Church Streets, which was, for the time, made the Court 
House for the place.* The Court was held by William Warwick, 
Mayor ; Thomas Wiatt. Recorder ; and George D. Winston, Samuel 
J. Harrison, Roderic Taliaferro and Meredith Lambert, Aldermen. 
William Norvell was appointed Clerk ; Josiah Leake, Commonwealth's 
Attorney ; and John Davis, Sergeant. 

" The First Extension of the Coiporate Limits. — Without additional 
legislation; John Lynch added several squares to both ends of the 
Town as laid out in 1786. On the 10th of January, 1805, the Legi.s- 




MESSRS. HILLSMxiN & MYERS' CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT, 

(no. 903 MAIN STREET.) 

lature passed the ' Act for incorporating the Town of Lynchburg 
and for enlarging the same.' All half-acre lots of land, as the same 
were laid off by John Lynch, adjoining the Town of Lynchburg, 
were declared to be a part of the town as soon as a plat thereof was 
put on record by John Lynch at Campbell Court House. This was 
done, and this map, which is still in existence, is the first plat of the 
town which can be found. 



*NoTE.— This Hall, which was a frame building, was removed, on rollers, in 1846, to Fifth 
Street, between Main and Church Streets, and is now occupied as a residence by Uol. Aug. 
Forsburg, the City Engineer. The present Masonic Hall, was erected in 1846-7, on the 
site of the old one.— Ed. 



go SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Surgeon Dentist, 

COR. CHURCH and EIGHTH STREETS, L YNCHBURG, VA. 

(Opposite Norvell-Arlington House) 

G, A. DIUWID & sot 




CO 



CTD 

3sro. eie i^j^xht stir,eet, 

LYNCHBURa - - Virginia. 

All Calls, Day or Night, AttenfleJ to Willi Promptness. 

For the past 70 years this business has JDeen conducted at the 
same stand. 



A. H. BURROUGHS, 

ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, 

th^TwTlliams^ 

Lynchburg, Va. 

~"^AMU EL gTw I N G FIELDr 
Attorney at IjAW, 

1011 Main Street, - . - - Lynchburg, Va. 



ITS PEOPLE A'ND ITS TRADE. 



91 



''Second Extension. — On the 9th of February, 181 3. the Legisla- 
ture added to the corporate limits ' that lot of ground conveyed by 
John Lynch, Sr., to the Corporation of the Town of Lynchburg for 
a public square, and on which said Corporation hath erected a Court 

House and Jail.' 

******** 

''Fifth Extension. — On the 30th of January, 1826, the Legislature 
further extended the limits so as to include the land lying in the fol- 
lowing boundaries, to wit : 

' Beirinnins at the east line at the junction of Fifth Street (now Clay) ami Sixth 
Alley (now Twelfth Street) ; thence along the branch of the south margin of the 
river to the horse-foixl ; thence along the banks of the river to Blackwater Creek, and 
along the creek to the limits of the said town on the north.' 




RESIDE^X;E OP MRS. S. B. McCORKLE. 
(corner of main and pine streets.) 

" This Act required that the Hustings Court .should appoint three 
Commissioners, whose duty it should be to lay off the added territory 
into ' convenient lots, streets and alleys,' and to make a correct plan 
of the same for recordation. This was done by Thomas Dillard, D. 
G. Murrell and Ralph Smith, Jr., and their report and plan were duly 
recorded on the 5th of June, 1827. This is the first extension the 
limits of which reached the river, and even then the river front was 
narrow, extending only from the mouth of Blackv/ater. at the toll- 
bridge, to the mouth of the Horse-ford at Hurt's Mill. 

" Seventh Extension. — This was the last and most comprehensive. 
On the 9th day of December, 1 870, the Legislature declared that the 
boundaries of the City of Lynchburg should be extended and defined 



92 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 



Virginian Job Printing House 



U4 



C=> 



a-4 







C~^ 






CD 

pa 



1001 MAIN STREET, 

CHAS. F. & JOS. BUTTON, Proprietors, 



Every Kind of Printing Executed in First-Class Style and 
at Reasonable Prices. 



ESTIMATES PROMPTLV FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. "®8 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 93 

as follows ; * * * This act required that a plat of these territo- 
ries and boundaries ' with the notes and remarks thereon explaining 
thereof, made by Col. Aug. Forsberg,' the City Engineer, should be 
certified by the President and Clerk of the Council to the Clerk of 
the Corporation Court for recordation. It was so certified and has 
been duly recorded. 

" The limits as laid down in this Act are those of the present time. 
All of these extensions were made without taking the vote of the 
people thus incorporated. 

-t. * 'J(i :i: * +- t- * 

" Several large districts within the present limits, but outside of 
the corporate lines of 1827, were laid off into squares and streets by 
the owners, and the streets so laid off dedicated to the use of the 
public by placing the plats on record and by other distinct acts de- 
claring such intent. 

;■; %-: ■:^i i^ ■^ ^ ^ -^ 

" The first movement towards supplying the town with water was 
in 1799, when ' The Lynchburg Fire Company ' obtained leave from 
the trustees to sink wells and erect pumps on Main Street for the 
convenience and .safety of the citizens. They availed themselves of 
the privilege to a very limited extent, although several pumps were 
placed on the side walks and were used by the public for many years. 

"In 181 1, the Council granted to John Lynch the privilege of con- 
veying water in wooden pipes through the streets from the springs on 
his farm at the head of Horseford Branch. These springs still exist 
on the squares lying between Madison, Federal, Sixth and Seventh ; 
then they were in a secluded forest of original growth For the use 
of this water Lynch was authorized to charge the citizens, the town 
reserving the right to use so much of it as was necessary to extin- 
guish fires. The better to avail themselves of this ])rivi!ege, in 181 3 
the town authorities built a small reservoir on Ninth Street, between 
Main and Court, close to the line of Court. This structure was 
twelve feet square and ten feet deep, and was kept full of water to 
meet the emergencies of a fire. It seems to have leaked badly, and 
there was much complaint that the street in its neighborhood was 
made almost impassable thereby. Four fire plugs were erected at 
the same time, from which the little fire engine the town then boasted 
could be supplied. John Lynch sold out his interest in these primi- 
tive water works in 18 17 to James Wade, and to them alone did our 
people look for water until 1827, when, after much violent agitation, 
it was determined by a vote of the people to build a pump house, 
dam, and the reservoir on Clay .Street, at a cost of ^50,000. To 
meet this expense the first debt of the town was created. The reser- 
voir was constructed under the supervision of Albert Stein, Esq., a 
Civil Engineer of distinction, and was finished in 1830, when it was 



94 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

JAME.S T. WILLIAMS. JEHU K. WILLLVMS. A. 8. WHITE. L. G. EFFINGEK 

JAMES T, WILLIAMS, SON Si CO,, 

WHOLESALE ? GROCERS, 

JOBBERS OF MANUFACTURED TOBACCO, 

And Commission Merchants. 

Quotations Gladly Furnished, Correspondence Solicited. 
608-6i0 main street, 



W. N. BROWN, 



-WHOLESALE DEALER IN- 



Confectioneries •:• and ■■•■ Fancy •:• Groceries, 

Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 



NO GOODS AT RETAIL. 



\^".W^ 



BUTLER BROS., 

House, Sign and Carriage 

—-'■-' 103 rEle-^eantli street, 

Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 



= ^--aNC^ j---^?^ House, Sign and Carriage 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



95 



inauguarated amidst great enthusiasm by a very elaborate civic and 
military procession. 

" The reservoir of 1830 seems at the time to have been regarded 
by our forefathers as large enough to meet the demands of an indefi- 
nite future ; but the growth of the town, very soon after its comple- 
tion, developed the need of a further supply. 

" Samuel Miller, Esq., who amassed a large fortune in the City of 
Lynchburg, died on the 2nd of March, 1869. The 22nd clause of 
his will gave $20,000 to the City ' to be appropriated toward the pay- 
ment of the debt which may be contracted ' in furnishing a future 
supply of water, provided such supply was furnished within ten years 
from the day of his death, otherwise the legacy was to lapse. The 
Council determined to secure the sum to the City, although it was 
entirely inadequate to the purpose designated in the will ; and in May, 




RESIDENCE OP MR. JAMES T. WILLIAMS. 

(corner of fedkral and ninth streets.) 

1877, the construction of the new reservoir on College Hill was com- 
menced and rapidly pushed through, under the control of a commit- 
tee of citizens, consisting of Wilson P. Bryant, Chairman ; C. V. 
Winfree, Robert Early, John M. Miller and Charles M. Blackford. 
The plans and specifications were prepared by Col. Aug. Forsberg, 
the City Engineer, who supervised the work. The contractor was 
Wm. H. Ford. The work was completed in eighteen months after 
it was commenced. The present Council is causing a new pump 
house to be built, in which will be placed new and improved ma- 
chinery, and it is supposed that these wise outlays will secure to the 
City a bountiful supply of water for some years to come. 

"In 1813 a small structure was erected as a Market House in 
Ninth or Bridge Street, between Main and Church Streets. Its orig-- 



96 



SKETCH BOOK OF LVNCHBURC;, VA. ; 



THE PEOPLES NATIONAL BANK 

OF 

Lynchburg, - - Virginia. 

Capital, $205,300. Surplus Fund, $70,000, 



C. M. BLACKFORD. President. 



K. VV. ORENSIIAVV, Vice-President. 



J. W. IVEY, Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

C. M. BLACKFORD. W. W. TYF.ER. JACOB IL FRANKLIN, 

JOHN D. LANGIIORNE, \l. W . CRENSHAW, T. N. DAVLS, 

C. V. WINFREE, JAMES A. FORD. JAMES R. GILLL\M. 

JOHN H. FLOOD, JAMES T. WILIjL\MS, 

A Gexkkal Bankix,; Business Transvcted. 

PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO COLLECTIONS. 



WEBSTER. 

With or without Fateiit Imlex. 



PRICE 50 CENTS, 






IT IS THE STANDARD 

in tlic Gov't rriiiUii^' Oliice, :uid .Vuthority with 
tlic U. y. Supreiiit! Court, and is recommended 
t)y the titute Sup'ts of Schools in 36 States. 

A Dictionary 

118,0(10 Words, .".ooii Engravings, 

A Gazetteer of the World 

of L>.-|,( ■IKIrs, (rcrcntlyaddrd) and 

A Biographical Dictionary 

of n.-;uiy lo,(io(i Noted Persons, 

All in One Book. 

The latest edition, in the quantity of matter it ' 
contains, Is belicvcil to be the largest volume | 
pultlished. It has IJOOO more Words in its vo- | 
cabuhn-y tlian are found in any other Am. Dlot'y, 
and nearly :5 times the number of Engravings. 

Ft is an invalnnlile aid to intelligence in every 
yehodl and Family. 

G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Pub'rs, Springfield, Mass. 



Hl.'^TOKICAL AND INDUSTRIAL 

(iuiDE TO Petersburg, Va." 

Sketch Book of Danville, 
Va.; Its Manufactures and 
Commerce." 

.Sketch Book of Portsmouth, 
Va.; Its People and its 
Trade." 



PRICE 30 CENTS. 



"Sketch lk)OK of Suffolk, Va.; 
Its People and its Trade." 

edwardTollock, 

Author and Publisher, 
BOX 1 19, - PORTSMOUTH, VA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



97 



inal cost was $400. This primitive building had additions made to it 
on several occasions, and when, in i<S73, it was finally removed, its 
proportions, which arc still fresh in the memory even of younger citi- 
zens, were far from attractive. (See engraving on page 59.) 

" The present Market House, on Main Street, was built during the 
year 1873. 

* * * t- t- t- * * 

" The first Court House was built in 181 2, upon a lot given to the 
Corporation by John Lynch, Sr. It was taken down and the present 
structure erected on the same site in 1852. 




THE PEOPLES NATIONAL BANK. 

(811 MAIN STREET.) 

" A census was taken by order of the Council in 18 16 by Richard- 
son Taylor, which proved the population of the town to be 3,087, of 
whom 1,765 were white and 1,322 colored. The census for 1880 
shows its population to be 16,012 ;* but how many are white and how 
many are colored the books of the new census are not sufficiently 
closed to ascertain. 

" The 7>cc'u of Lynchburg became the CITY of Lynchburg by an 
Act of the Legislature, on the 20th of May, 1852. 

"The first public burying ground was situated at the southwest 
corner of Court and Tenth Streets. In 18 16 it was abandoned, and 

*N0TE.— The revised census of 18S0 shows the population of the City to have been 15,959 
in that year; of these 7.485 were white and 8.47J colored.— Ed. 



98 SKETCFl BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Furniture S' Mattresses, 

A New Feature. 

^-t^^^ 

I have recently made arrangements with some of the largest fac- 
tories in the United States for the handling of their goods, upon such 
terms as will enable me to sell their goods at factory prices. When 
it is remembered that no factory of any importance, or any house in 
the State, is offering anything like this, I think it well to try me. 

In addition to the Jobbing Trade, I propose to continue my Retail 
Business in all of its branches, and will be glad to serve my old friends, 
and add as many new ones to my list as possible. 

I am now getting out a Catalogue, which I hope to have ready by 
i5t July. Write for a copy. 

THE FURNITURE MAN, 

210-212 NINTH STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 



Jacob Shaner, 



Late of Shaner Brothers. 



BUTCHER, 

' Residence, 1922 Grace Street, 

i^-FAMILTES AND HOTELS SUPPLIED AT SHORT NOTICE "^ 

A. H. PLECP^R, 

IP h: o T o Q-K. J^ :f n E K., 

902 MAIN STREET, LYNCHBURG, V/\. 

All work promptly and artistically finished. Particular attention given to coi>ying 
and enlarging old pictures. Also headquarters for Photographic Frames. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



99 

became the 



the cemetery known as the ' Methodist Grave Yard 
pubhc cemetery. 

" On the 28th of December, 1849, the City contributed ^500,000 
to the capital stock of the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad Company, 
partly by direct subscription and partly by a guaranty of six per 
cent, dividends of the stock to be taken by others, 

"On the 1 8th of February, 1 871, it subscribed ^200,000 to the 
capital stock of the Lynchburg & Danville Railroad Company. 




MR. J. L. THOMPSON'S FURNITURE ESTABLISHMENT. 

(210 AND 212 NINTH STREET.) 

" Without these liberal subscriptions, neither of these great works 
of internal improvement could at the time have been built. 

" On the breaking out of the war, in 1861, Lynchburg furnished 
very nearly a thousand men as its quota to the Confederate Army, 
most of whom were equipped at its expense. The number of killed 
and wounded amongst its citizens was therefore proportionately 



fOO SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

heavy. No battle took place during the war that the City was not 
called upon to mourn the loss of its gallant sons. 

" Tlie City, though threatened in June, 1864, by Hunter's Army, 
never was in the hands of the Federal forces until after the surrender 
at Appomattox Court House, and when it was occupied it was sub- 
ject to no pillage. 

"Since the war, Lynchburg, by reason of the energy, thrift and 
frugality of its citizens, has overcome many of the obstacles which 
retarded the prosperity of other Southern towns, and has steadily 
advanced in population and wealth ; and it is now claimed that in the 
future its progress will be both rapid and sure." 

THE FIRST RRSERVOn^ AND WATER WORKS. 

The subjoined is quoted b)' Mr. Howe, but the authorship is not 
stated : 

"The Lynchburg Water Works, for furnishing the town with an 
unfailing supply of pure and wholesome water, were constructed in 
1828—29, under the direction of Albert Stein, Esq., Engineer, at an 
expense of ;^5o,oco. The height — unprecedeiited in this country — to 
which it was necessary to raise the water, renders this one of the 
most interesting undertakings of the kind in the United States. 

*' An arm of the James, formed by an island about two miles in 
length, is crossed, a short distance above the limits of the Corpora- 
tion, by a dam 10 feet high. A canal of half a mile in length con- 
veys the water to the pump-house on the river bank, at the foot of 
Third Alley. A double forcing-pump, on the plan of De la Hire, 
worked by a large breast wheel, impels the water through the ascend- 
ing pipe, which is 2,000 feet long, to a reservoir containing 400,000 
gallons, situated between Fourth and Fifth Streets, and at the eleva- 
tion of 253 feet above the level of the river. Fire-plugs are connected 
with the distributing pipes at every intersection of the alleys with 
Second and Third Streets, and afford an admirable security against 
the danger of fire. The height of the reservoir, above these streets, 
gives a jet of water, by means of hose pipes, of from 60 to 80 feet 
elevation, and throws it, in bold and continuous streams, over the 
roofs of the highest houses. 

"The water power created by the dam for the Water Works is 
amply suffici-ent for working a large additional amount of machinery, 
and waits only for a clearer perception by capitalists of the manufac- 
turing advantages of this town, to be brought into extensive use. 
The cheapness of labor, the abundance of provisions, and the extent 
and wealth of the country looking this way for supplies of domestic, 
as well as of foreign goods, unite with the vast water-power, actually 
prepared and ready for any application, in inviting the attention of 
men of capita! and enterprise to this important subject." 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. TO I 

The following account of the ceremony of laying the corner stone 
of the Water Works is from a local newspaper of that date : 

"Interesting Event. — On Saturday last, (August 23rd, 1828,) 
an event deeply interesting to Lynchburg took place ; one in which 
the convenience, health and safety of us all are involved. The cor- 
ner stone of the Lynchburg Water Works was laid — works, the mag- 



MESSRS. WITT & WATKINS' BOOT AND SHOE WAREHOUSE. 
(main street, between eighth and ninth.) 

nitude of which exceeds any ever attempted in Virginia. . . . The 
stone was laid with civic, masonic and military ceremonies. About 
9 A. M. the procession was formed at the Presbyterian Church, at the 
lower end of Main Street, in the following order : The Military ; the 



I02 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

reverend Clergy ; the Engineer ; the members of the Common Coun- 
cil, preceded by the Water Committee ; the Judge of the General 
Court for the Circuit and Mayor of the Corporation ; the Recorder 
and Aldermen ; the Masonic Fraternity ; Citizens. 

" When the procession, under the directions of the Marshals of the 
day, — Major James B. Risque, Col, Maurice H. Langhorne, and Cap- 
tains R. R. Phelps, Samuel I. Wiat, and A. M. Gilliam — reached the 
ground, the Artillery and Rifle Companies formed a hollow square, 
within which were the Masons, the adjacent banks being thronged 
with spectators. 

"The impressive ceremonies commenced with a prayer, appro- 
priate to the occasion, by the Rev. W. S. Reid, followed by solemn 
music. The Rev. F. G. Smith then implored of the Supreme Archi- 
tect of the Universe a blessing on the undertaking. The Masonic 
Fraternity proceeded to lay the corner stone ; the plate bears the fol- 
lowing inscription : 

This stone, the foundation of a work executed by order of 
the Common Council of Lynchburg, for supplying the town 
with water, was laid under the direction of John Victor, John 
Thurman, John Early, David G. Murrell, and Samuel Claytor,> 
by the Rt. W. Howson S. White, D. D., G. Master, and the 
Worshipful Maurice H. Garland, M. of Marshall Lodge, No. 
39, of Free and Accepted Masons, on the 23d August, A. M. 
5828, A. D. 1828, in presence of the Mayor, Recorder, Alder- 
men and Common Councilmen of said Town ; the members 
of said Lodge ; the Artillery and Rifle Companies, commanded 
by Captains J. E. Norvell and James W. Pegram, and numerous 
Citizens, Albon McDaniel, Esq., Mayor, John Thurman, Esq.> 
President of the Council, Albert Stein, Esq., Engineer. 
" Mr. John Victor, Chairman of the Water Committee, delivered 
an address, after which the military fired a salute, and the gratified 
beholders returned to their homes, all, we hope, determined to use 
their efforts to carry on the work to a succes.sful termination. We 
cordially unite with Mr. Victor in saying : ' Let us join hands, noth- 
ing doubting that we, too, can accomplish what others have so often 
done.' " 

THE JAMES RIVER AND KANAWHA CANAL. 

This great highway, which was projected about the year 1842, was 
for many years the chief, if not the only means of transportation enjoyed 
by Lynchburg, and formed its principal avenue of communication 
with the outside world. It extended from Richmond, along the 
margin of the James River, two hundred miles, through the centre of 
the State, to a point near the base of the Alleghany Mountains. This 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. IO3 

Canal afforded a convenient route between the Western States and 
the Atlantic Ocean, and was expected by its projectors to become the 
great thoroughfare of the Continent. A survey of its proposed ex- 
tensions was made by officers of the United States Engineer De- 
partment, and a full and favorable report submitted to Congress. It 
was hoped that the National Gcvernment would undertake the com- 
pletion and enlargement of the Canal, which would then have af- 
forded uninterrupted water communication between the Mississippi 
and Missouri Rivers and their tributaries, and the Atlantic Ocean at 
Hampton Roads. But, alas for such primitive enterprises in this age 
of steam and electricity ! The James River and Kanawha Canal, 
which gave long and faithful service to the State during its lifetime, 
and from which so much was expected during the after years which 
never came, is now a mere memory of departed utility — its bed dry 
and in many places overgrown with grass and weeds, and its tow-path, 
once the familiar treadmill of the patient horse and mule, now con- 
verted into the road-bed of the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. 

THE LYNCHBURG FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM. 

This beneficent institution, for the edu- 
cation and support of white female or- 
phans, owes its existence to the philan- 
thropy of the late Samuel Miller, a native 
of Albemarle County, Virginia, who was 
born in the year 1792. It is one of the 
noblest monuments to personal benevo- 
lence and generosity to be found in this or 
any other of the Southern States. The 
parentage of the founder was obscure, and his early years were 
passed in poverty. Having neither social nor scholastic advatages, 
he succeeded, by sheer hard work and steady application, in ac- 
quiring, without a teacher other than his own practical intelligence, 
a fair education, which proved of infinite value throui^hout his lono- 
and prosperous life. In early manhood he settled in Lynchburg, en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits, and eventually amassed an enormous 
fortune, estimated at several millions of dollars. For many years 
before his death, which occurred in 1869, he retired, owing to 
impaired heatlh, to his estate in the country, about six miles from 




THE l^ORTER'S LODGE. 



I04 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Lynchburg, where he was still a hard worker, being interested in 
extensive speculations in railroad and other securities, in every section 
of the country. 

Although a bachelor, Mr. Miller had, for a long period, cherished 
a scheme for the establishment, at or near Lynchburg, of an Asylum 
for the maintenance and training of the female orphans of the City 
and its vicinity. As early as 1849, he procured the passage, by the 
General Assembly, of an Act of Incorporation, embodying the ideas 
he then entertained on that subject ; but it was not until 1868 — the 
year preceding his death — that he engaged actively in formulating 
and maturing his plans, with a view to the early establishment of the 
institution. 

In June, 1868, Mr. Miller appointed as incorporators Ambrose B. 
Rucker, John G. Meem, George D. Davis, John H. Flood, Lorenzo 
Norvell, Charles W. Button, Don P. Halsey, J. J. Terrill, David E. 
Spence, William A. Miller, John F. Slaughter, Thomas E. Murrell 
and James O. Williams, to take charge of the real estate — a beautiful 
grove covering about forty acres, near the southwestern boundary of 
the City — that he had reserved for this purpose, and to assume cus- 
tody of the bonds that he had appropriated to the endowment of the 
Asylum, with authority to erect the necessary buildings and to assume 
the management of the institution. The first meeting of these gen- 
tlemen — to formally accept the trust — was held on the loth of June, 
1868, and on the following day a new charter was granted by the Cir- 
cuit Court of Lynchburg, Mr. Ambrose B. Rucker having been 
elected the first President of the Asylum. 

In November, 1869, a committee, consisting of John G. Meem, 
Charles W. Button and George D. Davis, was appointed to select 
plans for the building, and, in pursuance of that object, visited vari- 
ous similar establishments in northern cities to ascertain the most ap- 
proved methods of heating, ventilation, &c. They finally adopted, 
in the main, the plan of the hospital presided over by the late Dr. 
Muhlenburg, in New York. 

On the 1 2th of July, 1870, the site was chosen by the Directors, 
and in due time the Lynchburg Female Orphan Asylum, as it now 
exists, became an accomplished fact, at a cost of about 1^90,000. The 
addition of the beautiful porter's lodge was made in 1 881, at a further 
cost of $5,750. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



lo; 



CO 

Q 

'^ 







fo6 SKETCH boos: of lynch bukg, va. ; 

NfflPORT NEWS & MISSISSIPPI WLUy CO. 

Chesapeake and Ohio Route. 

Sliortesl, Ooicte&t, aM ia Evcff Respect llie Best Line Mw e&n 

Portsmouth^ 

Morfolk , 

And Richmond, 

QUICKEST ROUTE TO 

Washin g ton and Baltimore. 

GRAND TRUNK LINE UNITING PORTSMOUTH, NORFOLK AND NEWPORT 
NEWS, ON THE SEABOARD, WITH 

Cincinnati, Louisville, 

Chicago, St. Louis, 

Indianapolis, Memphis, 

Little Rock, New Orleans, 

AND THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 

PULLMAN SERVICE UNEQUALLED. EQUIPMENT OP TRAINS UNSUR- 
PASSED. STEEL RAILS AND STONE BALLAST. CONNECTIONS 
. MADE AT ALL POINTS WITFIOUT LAY-OVER. THE ONLY 
PULLMAN SLEEPING-CAR ROUTE TO THE WEST. 

Ducal Line of Iron Steamships 

Sail Forliiigtitly Between Newport News aiii Liverpool, 

IN CONNECTION W ITII THE CHESAPEAKE & OHIO ROUTE. LOWEST CUR- 
RENT RATES ON EXPORT AND IMPORT BUSINESS. FINE ACCOM- 
MODATIONS FOR CABIN PASSENGERS. STEERAGE PASSEN- 
GERS BOOKED TO AND PROM ALL EUROPEAN PORTS. 

For tickets and fall information as to rates and connections, West and Southwest, 
apply to the Ticket Office of the Richmond & Alleghany Railroad, Lynchburg, Va., 
or address 

H. W. FULLER. Gen. Pass. Agent, 

Richmond, Va. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. IO7 

Contiguous lands have been purchased from time to time, and the 
enclosure now contains about seventy-five acres. These grounds the 
Directors have reclaimed and improved year by year, and they are 
now among the most picturesque and park-Hke in the State. 

Th? remains of the benevolent founder, who died on March 27th, 
1869, have been entombed within the grounds, beneath a graceful 
granite shaft — said to be the largest single shaft ever quarried in the 
United States — which was erected to his memory at a cost of $5,250, 
The endowment that came from Mr. Miller during his lifetime, and 
from his estate after his decease — apart from the land he presented— 
amounts to about ^325,000. 

Sixty-two orphan girls are now supported wholly at this As}^lum, 
while at the same time they are being carefully educated, as well as 
instructed and exercised in the practical affairs of domestic life. 
During all the years that the Asylum has been in occupation, only 
one death — that of a little child — has occurred there. 

In the chapel hangs a life-size portrait of Mr Miller, painted by F. 
J. Fisher, the now famous artist, of Washington. As a work of art 
it is unsurpassed in its fine execution and its fidelity to life ; while it 
may also be regarded as a veritable art curiosity, inasmuch as it was 
painted entirely from memory, after a lapse of ten years since the 
artist and his subject had met. Those who were most intimate with 
Mr. Miller during his later years have pronounced the picture a per- 
fect portrait. It was finished in iS(Si, and purchased for $2,000. 

The Corporation, at the date of this publication — 1887 — is consti- 
tuted as follows : President, John H. Flood, who has served continu- 
ously since April 2nd, 1872 ; Vice-President, William A. Miller; Di- 
feetors, John H. Flood, William A. Miller, John F. Slaughter, Charles 
W. Button, William A. Strother, David E. Spence, Thomas E. Mur- 
rell, J. J. Terrill, John W. Carroll, James M. Booker, Charles W. 
Statham, Thomas D. Davis and Robert T. Craighill ; Secretary and 
Treasurer, A. \\'. Talley ; Matron, Mrs. E. J. Britton ; Teachers, Miss 
R. Cary Williams and Mi.ss Mildred A. Harris. 

THE WAR BETWEEN THE .STATES. 

With the events of this cruel and unnatural conflict, which, after 
four terrible years of unequalled heroism and voluntary self-sacrifice 
on the part of her noble sons and daughters, resulted in the over- 
throw and humiliation of the Southern Confederacy, this narrative 



io8 



SKETCH HOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 



THE LYNCHBURG IRON COMPANY'S BLAST FURNACE. 



E. BURD GRUBB, President. 

A. VAN RENSSELAER, Vice-President. 



El>. S. HUTTER, Manager. 

A. FULLARTON, Sec' ty and Treasr. 



The LynchV>nrj? Blast Furnace is owned by The Lynchburg Iron Company, and 
was built in 1881, Viy General E. Bun! Grubb, who owns most of the stock. *> 

The Furnace is located between the James River and the main line of the Rich- 
mond & Alleghany Railroad, within the City limits. Its Stack House and Iron Yard 
are reached liy the Va. Jlidland and Norfolk & Western Railroads, as well as by the 
Richmond & Alleghany. 

The Company's land fronts about 2,000 ft. on the R. & A. with a width of about 
300 feet to the River, and a water power right of about 200 horse-power. 

The capacity of the .Stack t>=i 45 tons pig iron per day, or 14,000 tons per year. 

Two-thirds of the ore used is mined at Blue Ridge Mines, (brown hemitite) of 
Mne quality, and the other one third, the neutral magnetic ores, from Lower James 
River and from Pittsylvania County. 

The Iron made is mainly a fine quality of Foundry Iron, soft and fluid, and is 
sold at fidl prices as last as made. 

The Furnace, and the mines which supply the material, give employment to about 
200 men. The annual freights paid amount to about $100,000. 

General Grubb. the President of the Company, is a gentlemen of large fortune, 
liberal and progressive in his views, and was one of the first capitalists from the North 
to invest larsjely in Virginia Iron Works. He is the owner of the Blue Ridge Iron 
Mines. 41 miles' west of Lynchburg, on the N. & W.. R. R., and connected with the 
latter by a branch road two miles long. These mines probably contain the largest de- 
posit of hemitite ores yet opened or worked in Virginia. 

The Blast Furnace, the variou" mines and all the affairs of the Company in Virginia 
are under the management of Maj. Ed. S. Hutter, a Virginian and a native of this City. 

w^Tjones'&co7 

Mauiifacturers aiifl Dealers in all Kinils of Mnsical luslrimeiits. 



< 
O 

GO 



o 



*®-Asents for the MUSKnAL, CASKET, ret;iiliiic; for SIO, including 20 ft. of music. 

Asent-s for the poiuilnr AUTOHARP, (shown in atiove cut). 

Always caio' a full stocli of Kiissiiin and Italian BANJO and VIOLIN STRINGS. 

REFAIRi:,G OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A SPECIALTY. 

We ropresont the best line of Musical Goods that can be produced in this or other coun- 
tries. All kinds of repairiuii done in a neat and substantia) manner. 

SOS 3^<£a.irL Stree*:, I_.37-2r_cl1T0-a.rgr, "Va.. 




uu 


^. 


> 


t-^ 


s: 




c^ 







:s 


U) 


en 




^ 


m 


^ 


> 


(-J 


CO 






H 




GO 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



I(?9 



has very little concern ; for Lynchburg, more blest than many of her 
sister cities of Virginia, was providentially spared the horrors of a 
siege, or even of a single battle, although for many months she was 
fortified, and presented all the characteristics of a military camp. 
Especially was this the case in the latter part of i^6t,, when Sheri- 
dan's cavalry were expected to visit the city, and the latter prepared 
herself to give them a warm reception. From time to time, too, 
captured Federal soldiers found temporary quarters here, en foiite to' 
the regular prisons. 

Besides the Home Guard, the only military organization of that day 
still surviving, which was mustered into the State service on April 




THE LYNCHBURG IRON COMPANY'S BLAST FURNACE. 

24th, 1 86 1, and did gallant service throughout the continuance of 
hostilities, Lynchburg furnished nearly a thousand good and true 
soldiers as her quota to the Confederate armies, and her loss was 
therefore proportionately heavy. Scarce a battle was fought which 
did not bring bereavement to at least one household in the City — be- 
reavement which was to some extent softened by the knowledge that 
the mourned one had died gallantly in the discharge of his duty and' 
in the defense of his honor and his home. 

The principal event of the war, so far as Lynchburg was immedi- 
ately concerned, occurred in the summer of 1864, when the Fed- 
eral troops under General Hunter advanced upon the City in force, 



I lO SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

RUCKER & BARNETT, 

Leaf Tobacco Commission Merchants. 

The firm above named is a representative one in this important 
branch of the tobacco business. The senior partner, Mr. S. B. 
Rucker, has been connected with the trade in Lynchburg since 1869, 
and Mr. J. T. Barnett has had twelve years' experience in his present 
field of labor. Their copartnership was formed three years ago and 
their entire attention is given to the sale of leaf tobacco. Messrs. 
Rucker & Barxett are widely known and enjoy the confidence of 
planters throughout a large section of Virginia. In 1886 they sold 
on commission 6,000,000 lbs. of tobacco at the several public ware- 
houses of Lynchburg. They are always well informed regarding the 
condition of the Tobacco Market and the prices which can be real- 
ized, and give their earnest, individual efforts to secure and promote 
by every honorable and legitimate means the best interests of their 
principals. They have no dealings of a private nature which might 
conflict with those of their customers, and do not engage in transac- 
tions of a .speculative character. By activity, prudence and enter- 
prise, their reputation has become thoroughly established as sy.stem- 
atic and prompt business men. All planters and persons who ship 
tobacco to them may feel confident that sales will be made at the 
highest obtainable prices, and prompt returns rendered. 



EZCILSIOR Lll! 




ONTO- 916 Xj'^JSrOPI STI^EET, 

IS THE PLACE TO GO FOR THE MOST STYLISH 

Riding and Driving Horses, 

FOR THE NEWEST AND MOST ELEGANT 

LANDAUS, t PHOTONS, X SURRIES, t &c, 

Our Livery is unsurpassed by any in the State. Our Stable has been pronounced by 

tiie leading Physician of our phice to be the BEST VENTILATED 

AND HEALTHIEST IN THE CITY. 

STRICTEST ATTENTION GIVEN STOCK C0M3IITTED TO OUR CARE. 

SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE PURCHASE AND 

SALE OF HORSES AND MULES. 

ELLIOTT & DOSS. Proprietors, 

Telephone Call No. 16. 916 LYNCH STREET, LYNCHBURG, VA. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



1 1 r 



with instructions to capture and occupy it. The circumstances under 
which his plans were frustrated are thus related in " A Memoir of the 
Last Year of the War of Independence in the Confederate States of 
America," by Lieut. Gen. Jubal A. Early, published in 1867 — the 
foot-notes as well as the text being his own : 

"march TO LYNCHBURG, AND PURSUIT OF HUNTER. 

" On the 1 2th of June, 1864, while the 2nd Corps (Ewell's) of the 
Army of Northern Virginia was lying near Gaines' Mill, in rear of 




"CITY VIEW," ON AMHERST HEIGHTS; OVERLOOKING THE CITY. 
RESIDENCE OP MR. SAMUEL B. RUCKER. 

Hill's line at Cold Harbour, I received verbal orders from General 
Lee to hold the corps, with two of the battalions of artillery attached 
to it, in readiness to move to the Shenandoah Valley. Nelson's and 
Braxton's battalions were selected, and Brigadier-General Long was 
ordered to accompany me as Chief of Artillery. After dark, on the 
same day, written instructions were given me by General Lee, by 
which I was directed to move, with the force designated, at 3 o'clock 
next morning, for the Valley, by way of Louisa C. H. and Char: 



112 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

lottesville, and through Brown's or Swift Run Gap in the Blue Ridge, 
as I might find most advisable; to strike Hunter's force in the rear, 
and, if possible, destroy it ; then to move down the Valley, cross the 
Potomac near Leesburg in Loudoun County, or at or above Harper's 
Ferry, as I might find most practicable, and threaten Washington 
City. I was further directed to communicate with General Brecken- 
ridge, who would co-operate with me in the attack on Hunter, and 
the expedition into Maryland. 

'• At this time the railroad and telegraph lines between Charlottes- 
ville and Lynchburg had been cut by a cavalry force from Hunter's 
army ; and those between Richmond and Charlottesville had been 
cut by Sheridan's cavalry, from Grant's army ; so that there was no 
communication with Breckenridge. Hunter was supposed to be at 
Staunton with his whole force, and Breckenridge was supposed to be 
at Waynesboro, or Rockfish Gap. If such had been the case, the 
route designated by General Lee would have carried me into the 
Valley in Hunter's rear. 

"The 2nd Corps now numbered a little over 8,ooo muskets for 
duty. It had been on active and arduous service in the field for forty 
day's, and had been engaged in all the great battles from the Wilder- 
ness to Cold Harbour, sustaining very heavy losses at Spots)4vania 
C. H. where it lost nearly an entire division, including its commander, 
Major-General Johnson, who was made prisoner. Of the Brigadier- 
Generals with it at the commencement of the campaign, only one 
remained in command of his brigade. Two (Gordon and Ramseur) 
had been made Major-Generals ; one (G. H. Steuart) had been cap- 
tured ; four (Pegram, Hays, J. A. Walker, and R. D. Johnston) had 
been severely wounded ; and four (Stafford, J. M. Jones, Daniel, and 
Doles) had been killed in action. Constant exposure to the weather, 
a limited supply of provisions, and two weeks' service in the swamps 
north of the Chickahominy had told on the health of the men. Di- 
visions were not .stronger than brigades ought to have been, nor bri- 
gades than regiments. 

" On the morning of the 13th, at 2 o'clock, we commenced the 
march ; and, on the i6th, arrived at the Rivanna River, near Char- 
lottesville, having marched over eighty miles in four days.* 

" From Louisa C. H. I had sent a dispatch to Gordonsville, to be 
fo rwarded, by telegraph, to Brec ken ridg;ej_and^j)n^ jTiy_amyal_at 

*On the loth, we passed over the ground, near TievUlian's depot, on which Hampton 
and Shei'ldan had fouKht, on the llth and 12th Hampton had defeated .Sheridan, and 
was then in pursuit of him. Grant claims, in his report, that, on the llth, Sheridan 
drove our oavalrv"from the held, in complete rout;" and says, wlien he advanced 
towards (iordousv'ille. on the 12th, " he found tlie enemy reinforced by infantry, behind 
well-constructed rifle-pits, about five miles from the latter place, and too strong to suc- 

^"^^riiisis'asThoroiighly afancv sketch as can well be manufactured. There was not an 
infautrv soldier in arms nearer the scene of action than with General Lee s army, near 
Cold Harbour; and the "well-constructed rifle-pits " were nothing more than rails put 
UP in tlie manner in which cavalry were accustomed to arrange them to prevent a 
charge. Sheridan mistook some of Hampton's cavalry, dismounted and fighting on 
foot, for infantry ; and the statement was made to cover his defeat. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



1 I 



Charlottesville, on the i6th, to which place I rode in advance of the 
troops, I received a tele<;ram from him, dated at Lynchburg, inform- 
ing me that Hunter was then in Bedford county, about twenty miles 
from that place, and moving on it. 

"The railroad and telegraph between Charlottesville and Lynch- 
burg had been, fortunately, but slightly injured by the enemy's cav- 
alry, and had been repaired. The distance between the two places 
was sixty miles, and there were no trains at Charlottesville, except 
one which belonged to the Central road, and was about starting for 
Waynesboro. I ordered this to be detained, and immediately di- 
rected, by telegram, all the trains of the two roads to be sent to me 
with all dispatch, for the purpose of transporting my troops to Lynch- 
burg. The trains were not in readiness to take the troops on board 




RESIDENCE OF MR. W. H. WREN. 
(court strket, between tenth and eleventh.) 

until sunrise on the morning of the 17th. and then only enough were 
furnished to transport about half my infantry. Ramseur's division, 
one brigade of Gordon's division, and part of another were put on 
the trains, as soon as they were ready, and started for Lynchburg. 
Rodes' division and the re.sidue of Gordon's were ordered to move 
along the railroad, to meet the trains on their return. The artillery 
and wagon trains had been started on the ordinary roads at daylight. 
" I accompanied Ramseur's division, going on the front train, but 
the road and rolling stock were in such bad condition that I did not 
reach Lynchburg until about I o'clock in the afternoon, and the 
other trains were much later. I found General Breckenridge in bed, 
suffering from an injury received by the fall of a horse killed under 
him in action near Cold Harbour. He had moved from Rockfish 



114 SKETCH BOOK OF f.VNCHBURG, VA. ; 

LYNCHBUKG FERTILIZER COMPANY. 



Messrs. Wright & Craighill, Manufacturers and Proprietors 
of THE LYNCHBURG FERTILIZER AND INSECTICIDE, have, 
within the past two years, originated an enterprise which has already 
attracted wide-spread attention, and is destined to become in the near 
future one of the gigantic and overshadowing interests in the commer- 
cial and agricultural history and material progress of Virginia and the 
United States. It bids fair to be one of those astonishing out- 
growths of American industry and inventive genius, which are con- 
stantly springing up and e.xciting the admiration of mankind. 

The lands of the older States of the Atlantic Seaboard have be- 
come impoverished by unskilled cultivation and the excessive use af 
stimulating guanos ; and the planters of the South have been so re- 
morselessly victimized by the fraudulent fertilizers which flood the 
market, that the agricultural depression of that once teeming region 
is melancholy to witness. Moreover, the insects, (bred and nour- 
ished by the filthy manures manufactured of decayed vegetable and 
animal matter), have become nearly as destructive to growing vegeta- 
tion as the locusts of Egypt All over the country, indeed, whilst 
the staple crops of all kinds have received and are receiving incalcu- 
lable damage, the cultivation of many of the most useful vegetables, 
luscious fruits and beautiful flowers has become nearly extinct, by 
reason of the animal parasites which feed upon the tender plants and 
prevent their perfection and fruitage ; and it has really come to pass 
that no vegetation whatever, from the forest oak or standard fruit tree 
to the products of the farm, the garden and the hot house, is exempt 
from the blighting cur.se. 

In this'deplorable condition of affliirs th^- enterprizing firm of 
Wright & Craighill have put upon the market thjir Lynchburg Fer- 
tilizer and Insecticide — an article of merchandize whose formula and 
preparation have taxed the highest chemical talent of this Country 
and Europe, resulting in the happy combination of a perfect fertilizcj' 
and a perfect insecticide, adapted to all crops, soils and climates. This 
valuable preparation does not stiuuilate hnljeecis the soil, whilst gently 
stimulating the growing crops and preventing the hurtful interference 
of insects with its healthy growth. 

It is not the province of the historian to deal too much in de- 
tails, but rather to contemplate the wider field of human demand and 
supply in the complex and ever-varying interests of communities in 
Towns and Cities, States and Nations ; and in this connection it may 
be averred as a rational belief that no device or invention has ever 
originated in this or any country more promising than The Lynch- 
burg Fertilizer and Insecticide for the producer and consumer of 
vegetable food, or better calculated to clothe the earth with charming 
verdure and fill it with the beauty and fragrance of blooming flowers. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I 1 5 

Gap to Lynchburg by a forced march, as soon as Hunter's movement 
towards that place was discovered. When I showed him my instruc- 
tions, he very readily and cordially offered to co-operate with me, and 
serve under my command. 

" Hunter's advance from Staunton had been impeded by a brig:ade 
of cavalry, under Brigadier-General McCausland, which had been 
managed with great skill, and kept in his front all the way, and he 
was reported to be then advancing on the old stone turnpike from 
Liberty, in Bedford County, by New London, and watched by Imbo- 
den with a small force of cavalry. 

"As General Breckenridge was unable to go out, at his request, 
General D. H. Hill, who happened to be in town, had made arrange- 
ments for the defense of the city, with such troops as were at hand. 
Brigadier-General Hays, who was an invalid from a wound received 
at Spotsylvania Court House, had tendered his services and also aided 
in making arrangements for the defense. I rode out with General 
Hill to examine the line selected by him, and make a reconnoisance 
of the country in front. Slight works had been hastily thrown up on 
College Hill, covering the turnpike and Forest roads from Liberty, 
which were manned by Breckenridge's infantry and the dismounted 
cavalry of the command which had been with Jones at Piedmont. 
The reserves, invalids from the hospitals, and the cadets from the 
Military Institute at Lexington, occupied other parts of the line. An 
inspection satisfied me that, while this arrangement was the best 
which could be made under the circumstances in which General Hill 
found himself, yet it would leave the town exposed to the fire of the 
enemy's artillery, should he advance to the attack, and I therefore 
determined to meet the enemy with my troops in front. 

" We found Imboden about four miles out on the turnpike, near 
an old Quaker church, to which position he had been gradually forced 
back by the enemy's infantry. My troops, as they arrived, had been 
ordered in front of the works to bivouac, and I immediately sent or- 
ders for them to move out on this road, and two brigades of Ram- 
seur's division arrived just in time to be thrown across the road, at a 
redoubt about two miles from the city, as Imboden's command was 
driven back by vastly superior numbers. These brigades, with two 
pieces of artillery in the redoubt, arrested the progress of the enemy, 
and Ramseur's other brigade, and the part of Gordon's divison which 
had arrived, took position on the same line. The enemy opened a 
heavy fire of artillery on us, but, as night soon came on, he went into 
camp in our front. 

" On my arrival at Lynchburg, orders had been given for the im- 
mediate return of the trains for the rest of my infantry, and I ex- 
pected it to arrive by the morning of the i8th, but it did not get to 
Lynchburg until late in the afternoon of that day. ^Hunter's force 
was considerably larger than mine would have been, had it all been 



ii6 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 



THE LYNCHBUEG FUENITUEE CO., 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FURNI TURE DEALERS. 

This house commenced business in May. 1885, and from the start 
success has attended its operations. 

The members of the firm are W. P. Dillon, C. W. Liggan, and 
Gilliam & Co. The two first, who are enterprising and energetic 
young business men, give their constant and persevering attention to 
the management of the Company's business, (Gilliam & Co. having a 
pecuniary interest alone.) 

Stock purchases are made direct from the manufacturers on the 
most advantageous terms, and, being content to sell goods on a 
reasonable margin of profit, the Company has, through close and 
polite attention to the wants of their customers, established in a com- 
paratively short space of time an entensive and ever-increasing trade. 

Their warerooms ccntain a large and varied assortment of all kinds 
of Furniture, suited to every taste and every purse. They also carry 
a large and diversified line of Mattresses. 

Their present business premises are at 917 Main Street, but 
about July ist they will remove to the commodious four-story brick, 
iron-front building now being erected for them at 1023 Main Street, 
a cut of which appears in the opposite page. The new building is 
125 feet in length, and will be one of the largest, most ornate and 
complete business blocks in the City of Lynchburg. 



U 



OHN T, EDWARDS 

AGENT 




Broker and Commission Merchant. 

Consignments of all kinds of Leaf Tobacco solicited. Special attention given to the 

sale of Prized Leaf Tobacco. Dealers will find it to their interest to send me their 

Tobacco or gnaranteed samples for sale. I keep a fnll line of all 

classes of Virginia and North Carolina Tobacco. 

Burley Tobacco a Specialty, 

The attention of buyers is invited to my stock. Correspondence Solicited. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



117 



up, and as it was of the utmost consequence to the army at Rich- 
mond that he should not get into Lynchburg, I did not feel justified 
in attacking him until I could do so with a fair prospect of success.* 
I contented myself, therefore, with acting on the defensive on the 
1 8th, throwing Breckenridge's infantry and a part of his artillery on 
the front line, while that adopted by General Hill was occupied by 
the dismounted cavalry and the irregular troops. During the day, 
there was artillery firing and skirmishing along the line, and, in the 
afternoon, an attack was made on our line, to the right of the turn- 




XEW BUILDING OF THE LYNCHBURG FURNITURE COMPANY. 

(main street, between tenth and eleventh.) 

pike, which was handsomely repulsed with considerable loss to the 
enemy. A demonstration of the enemy's cavalry on the Forest road, 
was checked by part of Breckenridge's infantry under Wharton, and 
McCausland's cavalry. 

"On the arrival of the cars from Richmond this day, Major-Gen- 
erals Elzey and Ransom reported for duty, the former to command 



*Froni the best information I have received, I am satisfied Hunter's force exceeded 
30,000 men. 



Il8 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

ESTABLISHED OVER FIFTY YEARS AGO. 



H, SILVERTHORN, 

9rl2 MAIN STREET. 

lewGler, iilversmith and latchmakcr, 

Carries the Most Complete and Varied Stock of 

Diamonds, * Watches, 
jewelry, simwaee, clocks i optical goods 



11^ THIS s:ectioi>t. 

Being a practical man, and knowing the advantages of selling First 

Class Goods, his effort is to select from the leading manufacturers 

of the country, and can say without hesitation that 

No House in the South Caiiies a Finei Class of Goods. 

1 am also prepared with necessary tools and machinery, and fine, 

skilled workmen, to do all kinds of difficult Repairing and 

Matching Jewelry, Watches and Silverware. Diamonds 

Re-set, Medals, Badges and Rings made to special order, 

and Artistic Engraving and Monogram work. 

Address 

H. SILVERTHORN, 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



119 



the infantry and dismounted cavalry of Breckenridge's command, and 
the latter to command the cavalry. The mounted cavalry consisted 
of the remnants of several brigades divided into two commands, one 
under Imboden, and the other under McCausland. It was badly 
mounted and armed, and its efficiency much impaired by the defeat 
at Piedmont, and the arduous service it had recently gone through. 
As soon as the remainder of my infantry arrived by the railroad, 
though none of my artillery had gotten up, arrangements were made 
for attacking Hunter at daylight on the 19th, but, sometime after 
midnight, it was discovered that he was moving, though it was not 




MR. H. SILVERTHORN'S JEWELRY STORE. 

(912 MAIN STREET.) 

known whether he was retreating, or moving so as to attack Lynch- 
burg on the south where it was vulnerable, or to attempt to join 
Grant on the south side of James River. Pursuit could not, there- 
fore, be made at once, as a mistake, if either of the last two objects 
had been contemplated, would have been fatal. At light, however, 
the pursuit commenced, the 2nd Corps moving along the turnpike, 
over which it was discovered Hunter was retreating, and Elzey's com- 
mand on the right, along the Forest road, while Ransom was ordered 



I20 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

to move on the right of Elzey, with McCausland's cavalry, and en- 
deavor to strike the enemy at Liberty or the Peaks of Otter. Imbo- 
den, who was on the road from Lynchburg to Campbell Court House, 
to watch a body of the enemy's cavalry, which had moved in that 
direction the day before, was to have moved on the left towards Lib- 
erty, but orders did not reach him in time. The enemy's rear was 
overtaken at Liberty, twenty-five miles from Lynchburg, just before 
night, and driven through that place, after a brisk skirmish, by Ram- 
seur's division. The day's march on the old turnpike, which was very 
rough, had been terrible. McCausland had taken the wrong road 
and did not reach Liberty until after the enemy had been drixen 
through the town. 

" It was here ascertained that Hunter had not retreated on the 
route by the Peaks of Otter, over which he had advanced, but had 
taken the road to Bu ford's depot, at the foot of the Blue Ridge, 
which would enable him to go either by Salem, Fincastle, or Buch- 
anan. Ransom was, therefore, ordered to take the route, next day, 
by the Peaks of Otter, and endeavor to intercept the enemy should 
he move by Buchanan or Fincastle. The. pursuit was resumed early 
on the morning of the 20th, and on our arrival in sight of Buford's, 
the enemy's rear guard was seen going into the mountain on the road 
towards Salem. As this left the road to Buchanan open, my aide, 
Lieutenant Pitzer, was sent across the mountain to that place, with 
orders to Ransom to move for Salem. Lieutenant Pitzer was also 
instructed to ride all night and send directions, by courier from Fin- 
castle, and telegraph from Salem, to have the road through the moun- 
tains to Lewisburg and South-Western Virginia blockaded. The 
enemy was pursued into the mountains at Buford's Gap, but he had 
taken possession of the crest of the Blue Ridge, and put batteries in 
position commanding a gorge, through which the road passes, where 
it was impossible for a regiment to move in line. I had endeavored 
to ascertain if there was not another way across the mountain by 
which I could get around the enemy, but all the men, except the old 
ones, had gotten out of the way, and the latter, as well as the women 
and children, were in such a state of distress and alarm, that no reli- 
able information could be obtained from them. We tried to throw 
forces up the sides of the mountains to get at the enemy, but they 
were so rugged that night came on before anything could be accom- 
plished, and we had to desist, though not until a very late hour in the 
night. 

"By a mistake of the messenger, who was sent with orders to 
General Rodes, who was to be in the lead next morning, there was 
some delay in his movement on the 21st, but the pursuit was resumed 
very shortly after sun-rise. At the Big Lick, it was ascertained that 
the enemy had turned off from Salem towards Lewisburg on a road 
which passes through the mountains at a narrow pass called the 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE, 



121 



' Hanging Rock,' and my column was immediately turned towards 
that point, but on arriving there it was ascertained that the enemy's 
rear guard had passed through the gorge. McCausland had struck 
his column at this point and captured ten pieces of artillery, some 
wagons, and a number of prisoners ; but, the enemy having brought 
up a heavy force, McCausland was compelled to fall back, carrying 
off, however, the prisoners, and a part of the artillery, and disabling 
the rest so that it could not be removed. As the enemy had got into 
the mountains, where nothing useful could be accomplished by pur- 
suit, I did not deem it proper to continue it farther. A great part of 
my command had had nothing to eat for the last two days, except a 
little bacon which was obtained at Liberty. The cooking utensils 
were in the trains, and the effort to have bread ba'ced at Lynchburg 




CITY RESERVOIRS AND CHURCH (R. C.) OF THE HOLY CROSS. 
(corner of clay and seventh streets.) 

had failed. Neither the wagon trains, nor the artillery of the 2nd 
Corps, were up, and I knew that the country through which Hun- 
ter's route led for forty or fifty miles, was, for the most part, a deso- 
late mountain region ; and that his troops were taking everything in 
the way of provisions and forage which they could lay their hands 
on. My field officers, except those of Breckenridge's command, 
were on foot, as their horses could not be transported on the trains 
from Charlottesville. I had seen our soldiers endure a great deal, 
but there was a limit to the endurance even of Confederate soldiers. 
A stern chase of infantry is a very difficult one, and Hunter's men 
were marching for their hves, his disabled being carried in his pro- 
vision train which was now empty. My cavalry was not strong 



122 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHRURG, VA. 



LYNCHBURG MAeBLE UNO GRANITE WORKS 

821-82? CMircli Street, Corner of Sintli Street, 
J. I. VAN NESS, Proprietor. 



This establishment, which has in a marked manner for many years enjoyed the 
favor of the public, keeps up with the times in quality, variety and prices of its pro- 
ductions. . 

The fact of its having so successfully overcome competition is suflScient endorse- 
ment of its past methods of conducting business, and should be a guarantee for the 

We undertake country work of every kind and size, including Marble and Granite 
Monuments and Headstones, Iron Railings, Vaidts, Marble, Limestone and Granite 
Curbing, Building Marble. &c. 

A visit to our shops will convince the customer that he can obtain more for his 
money, in quality of material and beauty of workmanship than most cities oifer, and 
with a' large assortment of designs from which to select, his taste can be gratified in 
every particular. 

We obtain low rates of freight which are guaranteed the customer. 

Thankful for past patronage we solicit a continuance of the same, promising sat- 
isfaction in every respect. 



1 



=fri 






z 

< 
z 



CO 

Q 

m 

PC 

o 
o 

Q 

CO 




' ' 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



12; 



enougli to accomplish anything of importance, and a further pursuit 
could only have resulted in disaster to my command from want of 
provisions and forage. 

" I was glad to see Hunter take the route to Lewisburg, as I knew 
he could not stop short of the Kanawha River, and he was, there- 
fore, disposed of for some time. Had he moved to South-Western 




LYNCHBURG MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS— J. I. VAN NESS, PROP'R. 

(church street — FOOT OF COURT HOUSE HILL.) 

Virginia he would have done us incalculable mischief, as there were 
no troops of any consequence in that quarter, but plenty of supplies 
at that time. I should, therefore, have been compelled to follow 
him.* 



*Grant, in his report says: "General Hunter, owing to a want of ammunition to give 
battle, retired from before the place," (Lynchburg). This is a little remarkable, as it ap- 
pears that this expedition had been long contemplated and was one of the prominent 
features of the campaign of 1864. Sheridan, with his cavalry, was to have united with 
Hunter at Lynchburg, and the two together were to have destroyed General Le^'s com- 
munications and depots of supplies, and then lave .joined Grant. Can it be believed 
that Hunter set out on so important an expedition with an insutlicient supply of amrnu- 



124 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

'* My command had marched sixty miles, in the three days pur- 
suit, over very rough roads, and that part of it from the Army of 
Northern Virginia had had no rest since leaving Gaines' Mill. I de- 
termined, therefore, to rest on the 22nd, so as to enable the wagons 
and artillery to get up, and prepare the men for the long march be- 
fore them. Imboden had come up, following on the road through 
Salem after the enemy, and the cavalry was sent through Fincastle, 
to watch the enemy and annoy him as he passed through the moun- 
tains towards Lewisburg, and also ascertain whether he would en- 
deavor to get into the Valley towards Lexington or Staunton." 

RESTORED PEACE. 

During the twenty years which have elapsed since the clo.se of the 
war and the unsettled state of affairs — national and municipal — which 
neces.sarily supervened, no startling events have occurred whereby 
the even cour.se of Lynchburg's development has been disturbed. 
Indeed her subsequent history may be written in a very few compre- 
hensive words — Peace and Plenty, Prosperity and Progress. In all 
matters affecting her commercial interests she has been vigilant, en- 
terprising and aggressive, until her wealth, in proportion to her popu- 
lation, is exceeded by that of only one other city in the United 
States. Valuable and permanent public improvements have been 
the mile-stones which have recorded the flight of the passing j'ears, 
while private enterprise has been actively and successfully employed 
in e.stablishing the beautiful *' Hill City " as one of the leading Busi- 
ness Centres of the South. Her great natural advantages have been 
enhanced and utilized in various ways, but there is still room for the 
profitable investment of much capital in any of the numerous manu- 
facturing and mercantile pursuits for which this locality is so emi- 
nently adapted. That the community is fully alive to the value of 
its own possessions in this respect is evidenced by the fact that .sev- 
eral new and important industries have been inaugurated here, within 
the past few years, by resident capitalists, .and others, of greater 
magnitude, may be looked for almost immediately. 



nition ? He had fought only the battle of Piedmont, with a pnrt of his force, and it was 
not a very severe one, as .Jones' force was a small one and composed mostly of cavalry. 
CrooU's column not being there was not engajjed. Had Sheridan defeated Hampton at 
Trevillian's, he would have reached Lynchburg after destroying the railroad on the way. 
and 1 could not have reached there in time to do any good. Hut IIaiiii)tnn defeatid shcr- 
i(hui, and the latter saw "infantry" "too strong to successfully assault. " Had Hunter 
moved on Lynchburg, with energy, that place would have fallen l)efore it was possible 
for me to get there. l:5ut he tarried on the way for purposes which will hereafter appear, 
and when he reached there, his heart failed liim and he was afraid to figlit an inferior 
force, and then there was discovered " a want of ammunition to give battle." 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



125 



£6 



99 



JOHN W, CARROLL, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

AND OTHER BRANDS OP 

Smoking Tobacco. 



No other brand of smoking tobacco is so celebrated, or has so 
extended a sale as " Lone Jack." In the United States its use is co- 
extensive with the country. Through wholesale agents located in 
the principal cities of fourteen different States, it is distributed to the 
trade and placed within the reach of consumers. It is exported to 
Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, and it is said that a package 
of " Lone Jack " can be bought in any town of importance in every 
part of the world. The founder and manufacturer of this superior 

smoking tobacco, is John W. Carroll, one 
of Lynchburg's most respected and public 
spirited citizens. He started life on the 
lowest rung of the ladder, and it was only 
by dint of constant and unceasing plodding 
and perseverance, backed by skill and prin- 
ciple, that he reached the top, where he 
now stands at the head of an immense busi- 
ness. Mr. Carroll was born in Staunton, 
Augusta County, Virginia, in 1832. Very 
early in life he suffered the loss of both 
parents and was obliged to make his own way in the world. 

At the age of 14 he came to Lynchburg and entered as an ap- 
prentice in the shop of a cabinet maker ; after a few years he aban- 
doned this work and engaged in business with William Crumpton, a 
successful tobacconist of that day, whose daughter he afterwards 
married. For many years he labored faithfully and acquired a 
thorough knowledge of the tobacco business and laid the foundation 
for his subsequent remarkable success. 

The name " Lone Jack " is a very peculiar one, and the way in 
which it came to be adopted reveals a strange and romantic incident 
which happened to Mr. Carroll, and which we here relate. About 
two years after Mr. Carroll had first established himself in the to- 
bacco business (about the year 1850) when his fortunes were at a 
rather low ebb, and success in his chosen occupation seemed to him 




126 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. 



»*\UK -ft^VV 




extremely doubtful, it chanced that, on a certain evening he sat down 
with a friend to play a game of " seven up." Each staked a dollar 
on every game, and through a long series of games Carroll was a 
constant loser ; fortune seemed to have entirely deserted him. It 
was at a late hour, and with a feeling of extreme chagrin and disap- 
pointment, that he pulled out his last dollar and put it on the table. 
The critical moment arrived when his ad- 
versary stood six to his three and had the 
deal. Diamonds were trumps — and Car- 
roll held one — a lone Jack : he looked at 
it almost with desperation. What chance 
had he to win the game ? If his opponent 
held a single trump he was beaten. He 
hesitated, he quivered, but finally he gal- 
tantly stood his hand. As fortune would 
have it, the venture was successful ; on that " Lone Jack " he scored 
high, low, Jack and the game, and won the stakes. 

This lucky event mide such an impression on his mind that he 
determined there and then to christen his leading brand of tobacco 
by the name, " Lone Jack." From such an accidental circumstance 
as the " turn of a card," did this notable brand of tobacco originate, 
which has since become known and celebrated in every clime, and 
brought both fame and fortune to its owner. When the civil war 
broke out Mr. Carroll promptly offered his services to his State, and 
during the long struggle and until its close, faithfully performed his 
duty as a soldier. 

Aft^r peace was established he turned again to his business with 
redoubled energy, and it is since the war that his greatest triumphs 
have been gained. The quality and grade of smoking tobacco known 

as " Lone Jack " have always been the 
highest. The name is a synonyme of 
purity and excellence. The brand has 
never deteriorated, and as long as Mr. Car- 
roll lives, it never will. " Lone Jack " is 
a tobacco entirely free from any mixture, 
adulteration, or flavoring whatever — the 
pure granulated leaf of the best and .sweet- 
est tobacco grown, free from stems, and 
uniform throughout in color, fineness, strength and flavor — affording 
to all true lovers of the weed a delicious, satisfying and enjoyable 
smoke. His buyers are stationed in all markets where the kind of 
leaf he requires is sold; when a really choice lot comes in, it is 
quickly snapped up and sent to the " Lone Jack " Factory. All the 
leaf used in the manufacture of " Lone Jack " is kept in stock two 
years before it is manufactured for consumption, a supply approxi- 
mating a quarter of a million pounds being constantly on hand. It 




ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



127 



is most carefully sorted, cured and manipulated, every process being 
subjected to the experienced and rigid inspection of the proprietor. 

To maintain the high standard of excellence which his leading 
brand has always enjoyed, is Mr. Carroll's pride and joy. Although 
his financial success is almost unparalleled, he still sticks to his busi- 
ness with close application, and by reason of his unaffected manners 
and genial humor is exceedingly popular with everybody. 

The old frame building first used by Mr. Carroll as a factory — " The 
Birthplace of Lone Jack" — as it is known, is still preserved by its 
owner as a memento of his less prosperous days, and in another part 
of this work a picture of it will be found. (See page 67.) 




The present handsome and spacious factory is a large brick struc- 
ture, located at 509 Grace Street, wherein all the operations of his 
extensive manufacturing business are carried on. The other kinds 
and qualities of smoking tobacco put up and sold by Mr. Carroll are 
"Brown Dick," "Game Cock" and "Grand Mogul." Although 
these brands are of a lower grade and sell at a much less price than 
" Lone Jack," still their reputation is well established, and their real 
merit is well understood. 

An exceptional and super-excellent brand of smoking tobacco, 
known as " Fah-Kee," is put up by Mr. Carroll to supply a limited 
demand. As it sells for more than double the price of " Lone Jack," 
comparatively few people know anything about it. This quality was 



]2J 



SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 




first ordered several years ago by a gentleman who supplied the for- 
eign residents on the China Coast, and the 
brand was exclusively sold in that trade, 
but of late years, owing to the death of the 
gentleman who originated the brand, the 
restriction governing its sale has been with- 
drawn, and it is now sold to some extent in 
all parts of the country — mostly to people 
of wealth and connoisseurs of the weed. 

Mr. Carroll's brands are all protected by 
patent, and he feels justified in warranting 
that tobaccos of his manufacture will remain sound, pure and aro- 
matic in all latitudes and climates. 

Mr. Carroll has occupied many posi- 
tions of honor and trust in the community 
where he resides. He is now and for 
twenty-six years has been a member of the 
City Council (the last sixteen years its 
President) and for several years filled the- 
office of President of the Lynchburg Na- 
tional Bank. 

He is a gentleman of strict integrity and marked business ability ; 
an energetic, unostentatious and painstaking man in both public and 
private affairs, who possesses the confidence and esteem of all classes 
of people. 

SAMUEL A, BOYDi 
Confectionery I Ice Cream Saloon, 

*^ SODA WATER, ^^ 




CANDIES, FRUITS, NUTS, TOYS, &c., 

No. 827 Main Street, Opposite Lynch House, 



^^"sTvT'ed.d.iang- iE'arties in Oit3r a,rLd. Cc-a.rLtr37- a, 
Specia,lt37 . 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I2g 



COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL. 



THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE CITY OF 

LYNCHBURG. 

The organization of this important and influential body resulted 

from a long felt necessity for " that concert of action and unity of 

purpose amongst the business men of the City " which was regarded 

as "essential to the full development of its material welfare and 

commercial prosperity." A meeting was called at the Lynch House 

on November 2nd, 1882, at which the general advantages of such an 

organization were unanimously conceded, and a committee appointed 

to report a Constitution and Rules of Order for the Association. 

Accordingly, at an adjourned meeting, held on the 2nd of December 

following, the Chamber of Commerce of the City of Lynchburg was 

formally organized, its general objects being proclaimed as follows : 

"The promotion of every scheme for the advancement of 

the commercial, manufacturing and monetary interests of this 

community, and the abatement of every grievance injuriously 

affecting such interests. 

" The establishment and application of uniform and equita- 
ble rules and usages of trade. 

" The collection and preservation of statistical information 
concerning the commerce, capital, production and growth of 
this city. 

"The speedy and economical settlement of differences 
amongst its members, without resort to litigation. 

"And the discussion of all questions affecting the interest 
of the capital, trade or manufactures of the city, and the pe- 
cuniary welfare of its citizens." 
Since the date of its formation, the Chamber has been in active 
and useful operation, and has been the means of achieving much 
good to the industrial and mercantile interests of the City. The 
membership of the Chamber is numerous, and comprises the leading 
business men and firms among the Manufacturers, Bankers, Brokers, 
Merchants and Wholesale Dealers of Lynchburg. The first Presi- 
dent of the Chamber was Mr. George M. Jones ; the next was Capt. 



I30 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Charles M. Blackford, who was succeeded by the present presiding 
officer. 

The following gentlemen now compose the governing body of the 
Chamber, and their names cannot fail to inspire the utmost confidence 
among those who maintain commercial relations with the City : Pres- 
ident, Jacob H. Franklin ; First Vice-President, William H. Wren ; 
Second Vice- Pre sideiit, William Kinnier ; Secretary, Carter Glass ; 
Treasiwer, P. A. Krise ; Executive Covwiittee, C. H. Almond, C. M. 
Blackford, J. P. Bell, F. C. Brown, Joseph Cohn, J. R. Gilliam, Max 
Guggenheimer, Jr., Wm. A. Heffernan, Wm. Hurt, James W. Watts, 
Wm. A. Miller, Wm. A. Strother, C. W. Scott, George P. Watkins, 
J. Gordon Payne. 

The annual meeting of the Chamber is held on the Second Tues- 
day in January. Quarterly meetings are also held on the Second 
Tuesdays in April, July and October, in each year, and regular meet- 
ings of the Executive Committee are held on the first Saturday of 
every month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the 
President, or acting President, or by any three members of the Exec- 
utive Committee, due notice having been given to all the members. 

THE LYNCHBURG TOBACCO ASSOCIATION. 
Until within the past few years, during which industrial interests of 
various kinds have been successfully undertaken in Lynchburg and 
its immediate vicinity, the commercial life of the City may be said to 
have been almost wholly dependent upon the Tobacco trade, in its 
numerous and always multiplying branches. Indeed this particular 
industry still holds by far the most important and conspicuous place 
among the varied pursuits which give employment to the capital, 
brains and muscle of the " Tobacco City's " inhabitants, and it is 
therefore very necessary that it should be fostered and encouraged 
with the utmost solicitude, and carefully fortified against all adverse 
possibilities from within or without. With these objects in view, and 
for the purpose of regulating the warehouse sales and exercising such 
supervisory authority over all transactions in Tobacco as would secure 
perfectly fair play between buyer and seller, broker and commission 
merchant, planter and manufacturer, this useful Association was or- 
ganized in 1867. It is well-nigh impossible now to over-estimate the 
advantages which have accrued to the commercial interests of Lynch- 
burg through the labors of this influential organization, whose list of 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



I^.I 



membership bears the names of every tobacco manufacturer, ware- 
houseman, broker and dealer in the City. Thfe following gentlemen 
are the present Officers and Committeemen : President, John T. Ed- 
wards ; Vice-President, R. H. T. Adams ; Seeretary and Treasurer, 
James Franklin, Jr.; Supervisor of Weights, S. W. Younger; Executive 
Committee, N. R. Bowman, (Chairman), R. L. Miller, C. L. Wright. 
S. W, Younger, James M. Booker, Jr., E. M. Heard, Wm. King, Jr., 
E. A. Allen, David Walker ; Arbitration Committee, T. E. Murrell, 
(Chairman), J. H. Smith, H. H. Withers, John H. Flood, W. J. 
Collins. 

The annual meeting of the Association is held on the first Monday 




RESIDENCE OP MR. JOHN D. HOLT. 

(corner of WASHINGTON AND HARRISON STREETS.) 

in October, and the regular monthly meetings on the first Monday of 
each month. Special meetings are called from time to time by the 
presiding officer or members of the Executive Committee as matters 
of urgency arise. 

The Lynchburg Tobacco Association is perhaps the best organized 
and most systematic commercial body in Virginia, if not in the whole 
South ; and it is but just to state that this state of efficiency has been 
attained, to a great extent, through the untiring energy and inces.sant 
vigilance of its President, Mr. John T. Edwards, who was elected to 
this position in October, 1885, and re-elected in 1886, after having 
previously served the Association as Vice-President. His member- 



132 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

ship dates back to 1873, since which time he has attended every 
meeting of the Association, except two ; and on one of these occa- 
sions he was absent from the City. It is easy to beHeve that, with 
such an excellent example from the Chair, punctuality and other 
business-like properties are regarded as cardinal virtues by the mem- 
bers generally. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

Lynchburg lies at the intersection of three railroads which branch 
out in six different directions, namely : the Virginia Midland, north- 
ward to Washington and southward to North Carolina ; the Norfolk 
& Western, southeastward to Norfolk and soutwestward to Tennessee, 
Georgia, &c.; and the Richmond & Alleghany, northeastward to 
Richmond and westward to the great coal fields of West Virginia. 

THE VIRGINIA MIDLAND RAILWAY. 

This line extends from the City of Wa.shington, D. C, to Danville, 
on the border of North Carolina, passing through the productive 
Piedmont section of the State and entering the heart of the tobacco- 
growing region. It has branches from Manassas to Strasburg, in the 
Valley of Virginia, where it unites with the Baltimore & Ohio sys- 
tem ; to Warrenton, in Fauquier County, to tap the rich grazing farms 
of that beautiful district ; and to Rocky Mount, in Franklin County, 
to secure the tobacco and other valuable trade of the counties lying 
under the Blue Ridge in South Virginia. 

At Washington and Alexandria the road makes close passenger 
and freight connection with the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsyl- 
vania Central systems ; at Orange with a narrow gauge road to Fred- 
ericksburg. At Charlottesville it crosses and connects with the 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, leading eastward to Richmond and deep 
water at Newport News, and westward to the coal and iron fields of 
West Virginia and to the Ohio River. At Lynchburg it intersects 
the Norfolk & Western and the Richmond & Alleghany Railroads. 
At Danville it unites with the Richmond & Danville Road, and, un- 
der the same general management, consolidates with v/hat is known 
as the "Richmond & Danville System," which owns and controls 
nearly three thousand miles of railway, extending like a net-work 
through the Cotton States of the South. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 33 

THE NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILROAD. 

With its eastern terminus at the magnificent port of Norfolk and 
Portsmouth, this road extends to Bristol, on the boundary line be- 
tween Virginia and Tennessee, a distance of four hundred and eight 
miles, Lynchburg being exactly midway between these terminal 
points. Branches extend to City Point, at the confluence of the Appo- 
mattox and James Rivers ; to the coal fields and iron mines of Poca- 
hontas, in Tazewell County ; to the great salt and plaster deposits at 
Saltville ; and to the enormous coal and iron beds on Cripple Creek, 
in Wythe County. 

This road connects at Petersburg with the lines running northward 
through Richmond and southward through Weldon, North Carolina ; 
at Burkeville, with the Richmond & Danville system ; at Lynchburg, 
with the Virginia Midland and the Richmond & Alleghany Roads ; 
at Roanoke, with the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, forming another 
route southward ; at Salem, with a branch of the Baltimore & Ohio ; 
and at Bristol, with the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Road 
and the great system which, through the medium of the Memphis 
and Charleston route, branches over the cotton region. 

THE RICHMOND & ALLEGHANY RAILROAD. 

This runs, as a completed road, along the bank of the James River 
from Richmond to Williamson's, a point on the Chesapeake & Ohio 
Railroad in Alleghany County, with a branch up the North River to 
Lexington, Virginia. It enters the heart of Richmond, and has ac- 
cess to the harbor and to all the other Railroads centring in that im- 
portant city. It passes up the James River, through its fertile bot- 
tom lands, with switches to take granite at the quarries of Henrico 
and Fluvanna Counties, slate in Buckingham and Amherst, iron from 
several furnaces and ore from many mines. 

At Lynchburg it unites with the Norfolk & Western and the Vir- 
ginia Midland Railways. At Buchanan, it connects with the Shenan- 
doah Valley Road ; at Lexington, with the Baltimore & Ohio system, 
forming another route to the North and West ; and at Williamson's 
it connects with the Chesapeake & Ohio, and thus reaches the Ohio 
River and the coal and iron of West Virginia. 

It will thus be seen that LYNCHBURG is, perhaps, the best dis- 
tributing point in the whole South. Not only has it six distinct lines 



134 SKETCH BOOK OF LVN'CHBURG, VA. ; 

of rail\va\', radiating, as above shown, to all quarters, but there are 
competing routes in every direction. 

Northward there are four: (i) By the Virginia Midland, all rail, 
through Washington and Baltimore. (2) By the Norfolk & Western, 
and steamers from Norfolk to W^ashington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
New York, Providence and Boston. (3) By the Richmond & Alle- 
ghany to Richmond and by steamers to northern ports. (4) By the 
Richmond & Alleghany and the Baltimore & Ohio, via Lexington. 

Eastward there are three : (i) To Norfolk by the Norfolk & West- 
ern, and to Richmond by the same route, connecting at Burkeville 
with the Richmond & Danville Road. (2) To Richmond by the 
Richmond & Alleghany direct. (3) To Richmond by the Virginia 
Midland and the Chesapeake & Ohio at Charlottesville. 

Southward there are two: (i) By the Virginia Midland and the 
Richmond .& Danville system. (2) By the Norfolk & Western, the 
East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia and the Memphis & Charleston 
lines. 

Westward there are three: (i) By the Richmond & Alleghany 
and the Chesapeake & Ohio, and by the Richmond & Alleghany and 
the Baltimore & Ohio at Lexington. (2) By the Norfolk & West- 
ern. (3) By the Virginia Midland and the Chesapeake & Ohio, and 
by the Virginia Midland and the Baltimore & Ohio, at Strasburg. 

These various lines are all strong and vigorous, and are all very ac- 
tively competing for freight and passengers, thus securing Lynchburg, 
to a large extent, from the disastrous effects of transportation mo- 
nopolies. 

Other railroads are projected and chartered, which will, when com- 
pleted, add considerably to the bulk of trade seeking this market. 
Chief among these is the 

LYNCHBURG, HALIFAX & NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD, 
to the capital stock of which the City last year voted an appropria- 
tion of $250,000, and which may be regarded as a strictly local en- 
terprise. The principal offices and the terminus of the Road will be 
in this City, and there is every reason to believe that the work of 
building the line will be commenced at once and prosecuted vigor- 
ously until completed to Durham, N. C. where it will connect with 
the Durham & Roxborough Railroad, thus bringing within our reach 
the fertile bottom lands of the Roanoke River, as well as the fine 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



US 




THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

(corner of court and eleventh streets. 



136 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

tobacco plantations of Halifax County. The recently elected officers 
of the Road are : President, Peter J. Otey ; Vice-President, Wood 
Bouldin, Jr.; ^rr/r/rt/j, Alexander McDonald; Directors, ^lo'ihy H. 
Payne, Jacob H. Franklin, J. R. Clark, Adani W. Nowlin, J. R. 
Lawson, John W. Clay, Robert W. Withers, H. A. Edmondson, 
Joseph Stebbins and Robert W. Watkins. 

New lines of railway, and extensions of existing ones, are multi- 
plying on all sides with astonishing rapidity, and especially is this the 
case with the roads which intersect at this point, and their immediate 
connections. The vast mineral wealth lying to the westward of us, 
and which has of late years attracted so much attention, is, of course, 
responsible, to a great extent, for this activity in railroad construc- 
tion, which will probably continue until all the rich deposits of the 
neighboring sections have been brought within reach of their legiti- 
mate markets. 

TOBACCO. 

Situated centrally with relation to the great tobacco-growing region 
of Virginia, and enjoying exceptionally favorable transportation facili- 
ties, which bring all the great markets and seaports of the United 
States within easy and direct access, Lynchburg has always taken the 
lead not only as a mart and distributing point for the raw material, 
but also as a producer of the manufactured article, of all kinds and 
qualities, and has well earned the sobriquet by which she is widely 
known — " The Tobacco City." Ever since her foundation, the Town 
has been the depot for the tobacco grown within the district naturally 
tributary to her — from the days when the hogsheads were rolled along 
the public highways to market, down to the time when the introduc- 
tion of railroads offered the planters a less expensive and far more 
expeditious method of transmitting their produce — and, as the " Dev- 
il's Weed," so named by the royal lunatic ** Guid King Jamie," has 
always been the principal and most valuable crop cultivated in the 
surrounding counties, it has naturally exercised a ruling influence 
upon the commercial history of Lynchburg. 

The average crop grown annually in this tributary section is about 
75,000,000 pounds, and of this enormous aggregate at least two-thirds 
is handled by the warehousemen, dealers and manufacturers of this 
market. The handling of this immense quantity of leaf, and its man- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I37 

ufacture into plug, twist and smoking tobacco, under almost innu- 
merable brands, gives occupation, directly or indirectly, to the 
greater portion of Lynchburg's inhabitants. As the population in- 
creases and industries become more diversified, the influence of the 
Tobacco trade upon the aggregate business of the City will naturally 
diminish in proportion, but it is clear that for many years to come it 
will continue to hold the leading place among local industries, and 
that all others will remain to some extent dependent for their success 
upon its prosperity. 

A great portion of the tobacco brought to this market still comes 
by wagons, direct from the neighboring plantations, but that grown 
in more remote districts also comes in considerable quantities over 
the lines of the .several railroads centring here, and this latter class is 
increasing very rapidly. One reason for this increase is, that in many 
of the smaller towns and villages along the railroads that penetrate 
the tobacco-producing counties, warehouses and re-prizing "facto- 
ries " have been established, and much of the crop so collected is 
forwarded in hogsheads to Lynchburg — which holds a sort of metro- 
politan relationship to the whole section — to be re-sold. 

Six commodious warehouses supply the necessary accommodation 
for this large trade — one of which has been recently erected, in order 
to keep pace with the ever-growing bulk of arrivals. At all of these 
warehouses the leaf is sold " loose." In other markets it is sold in 
the hogshead, by sample, but it has been found more satisfactory 
here to offer it open on the warehouse floor, so that buyers may in- 
spect every leaf, if they so desire, before making their purchases, and 
thus avoid all risks of dispute and controversy. A " Storage Ware- 
house " has also been opened lately, principally for the Western hogs- 
head trade, which promises to become a great success. 

The following table, taken from the official records of the Lynch- 
burg Tobacco Association, show the actual sales of Leaf Tobacco on 
the warehouse floors for the last sixteen years — each year ending on 
October ist — and it must be admitted that the figures bear testimony 
to a most gratifying increase : 

1S71. 17,425,539 lbs. 1876. 25,091,621 lbs. 

1872. 14,323,708 " 1877. 19,699,775 " 

1873. 20,214,748 " i«78. 28,318.183 " 

1874. 18,206,321 " 1879. 21,143,217 " 

1875. 14,127,430 " 1880. 25,062,881 " 



138 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

1881. 20,090,822 lbs. 1884. 21.190,644 lbs. 

1882. 20,127,208 " 1885. 29,495,758 " 

1883. 24,620,811 " 1886. 37,462,979 " 

In order that Lynchburg's position as a tobacco market may be 
clearly understood by the reader, the following extracts from the an- 
nual report presented to the Lynchburg Tobacco Association by 
its President, Mr. John T. Edwards, at the last annual meeting, are 
given : 

" The figures I shall give you to-day again place you at the head 
of the loose tobacco markets of the world, and there is no reason 
why you may not very soon be the peer of any market in the State 
for' the sale of prized tobacco. One of Virginia's most gifted sons 
said : ' I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past ;' 
and, judging by the past, I ask you to contemplate what the near fu- 
ture' of the tobacco trade of this beautiful and progressive City is to 
be. I do not propose to deal in imagination, or fancy pictures, but 
in stern reality, and figures that do not deceive. 

" Look, if you please, at the following comparative statements and 
figures, and tell me if any market can truly show such increase in 

trade and substantial, growth. 

Pounds. 
"• The average annual sales for fifteen years, per warehouses, from 

1870 to 1884, inclusive, amounted to 20,657.162 

Amount of tobacco sold in 1885 through warehouses 29,495,758 

Increase percentage for 1885 over average sales for fifteen years pre- 
ceding, 47 per cent. 

Total sales for 1885 38,306,939 

Increase percentage, 90 per cent. 

Sales per warehouses for 1S86 37,462,979 

Sales per warehouses for 1885 29,495,758 

Increase percentage in 1886 over sales of 1885. 27^ per cent. 

Sales not reported in 1886, per warehouses 8,708,799 

Like sales in 1885 6,444,100 

Increase percentage in 1886. 35 per cent. 

Resales in 1886, not included in above sales. . 3,160,272 

Resales in 1885 as above 2.367,072 

Increase percentage in 1886, less than 5 per cent. 

TOTAL SALES FOR THE YEAR 1886 49.332,050 

Total sales for the year 1885 38,306,939 

Increase percentage in 1886 over 1885, 29 per cent. 

INCREASE IN 1886 OVER AVERAGE SALES FOR FIFTEEN 
YEARS, PROM 1870 TO 1884, INCLUSIVE, 145 PER CENT. 

Amount of tobacco exported in I886 21,710,723 

Amount of tobacco exported in 1885 9,604,246 

INCREASE PERCENTAGE EXPORTED IN 1886, 133 PER CENT. 

" The remainder of the purchases for 1886, amounting to 27,621,- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



139 



327 pounds, have been manufactured in Lynchburg, bought on do- 
mestic accounts and shipped to home markets. I am unable, as you 
are aware, from our system of selUng tobacco, to ascertain the aver- 
age price paid for tobacco sold here, but I assert it without fear of 
successful contradiction, that if it were possible to divide the dark and 
bright classes, the average on the former would far exceed that of 
any loose market of the State, and the largest proportion of the 
bright, being of the finest quality of cutters and wrappers, would far 
exceed any average on the bright markets of North Carolina and 
this State. 

" In my last address I called your attention to the importance of 




CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. 

(in the METHODIST CEMETERY.) 

constructing the Lynchburg, Halifax and Durham Railroad. You 
have acted wisely, and now this Railroad is about to be constructed 
through the finest tobacco counties of Virginia and North Carolina. 
With the completion of this Railroad, I predict an increase in your 
trade annually of 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 pounds tobacco, to say 
nothing of other benefits to be derived from it, both by the farmers 
along the line and the citizens of Lynchburg. South Boston, that flour- 
ishing and enterprising town of Halifax, is soon to be closely allied 
with you. Geographically, you occupy a position superior to any in 
the State, as a distributing market. You have railroads stretching 
out in every direction, and connection with every tobacco market of 



140 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

the world. Your loose tobacco market is now favorably known to 
every nation and every city of the world. Your export trade is 
rapidly increasing. Your export buyers are strong competitors on 
all classes of tobacco. You have orders for all the finest wrappers, 
finest canary cutters, finest smokers, finest dark shipping, for which 
your market is celebrated, as well as all the lower classes. 

" Nothwithstanding the large increase in your receipts this year 
through the warehouses, it will be seen at a glance that the demands 
of the trade have not been satisfied. Let the producers look to this 
and send their tobacco direct to the market that shows a demand 
for it." 

As a Leaf Tobacco market Lynchburg, therefore, heads the list. 

As a Tobacco manufacturing point she stands fifth. In addition to 
the railroads now centring here, the Lynchburg, Halifax & Durham 
road, penetrating some of the richest tobacco-growing counties in 
Virginia and North Carolina, will shortly be opened, thus forming 
another important feeder to the trade of the City. 

With all these advantages, it must be evident that Lynchburg's 
future, as a great central depot for the staple product of this region — 
to .say nothing of her other industries and general commerce — is fully 
assured. 

There are in the City to-day twenty-five houses engaged in the 
manufacture of Chewing Tobacco — plug and twist — and nine in the 
manufacture of Smoking Tobacco — including the celebrated and in- 
comparable "Lone Jack"; three Cigarette Factories ; Six Tobacco 
Warehouses ; one Tobacco Storage Warehouse ; thirty-three Tobacco 
Leaf Dealers, who buy immense quantities of tobacco, as agents and 
on orders, for domestic and foreign markets ; nine Tobacco Commis- 
sion Merchants ; one manufacturer of snuff; one of Tobacco Extract 
and one Fertilizer Factory — the only one in the world — the base of 
whose excellent product is Tobacco. Incidentally to the trade there 
are manufacturers of Tobacco Boxes, Hogsheads, Specific Machinery, 
&c., while the number of citizens, of all clas.scs, immediately de- 
pendent on this branch of trade for their livelihood, would aggregate 
several thousands. 

STATISTICAL REVIEW— 1868 to 1883. 

The latest "Annual Report" of the Lynchburg Chamber of 
Commerce, which contains statistical information of any special value. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I4I 

was issued in 1884, and the subjoined extracts are selected from the 
address of its then President, Capt. Charles M. Blackford, delivered 
on the 8th of January in that year : 

" When the war closed, Lynchburg, like all other Southern cities, 
was completely prostrate. Its enormous slave property was value- 
less ; all its banks and monetary institutions were hopelessly insolvent; 
its currency by one blow reduced to worthless paper ; personal prop- 
erty was all gone, and real estate reduced to a minimum in value ; 
every industr}' destroyed ; labor disorganized ; government unstable, 
and the future so uncertain that men's hearts failed them for fear. 
Yet amidst darkness and gloom, with patient toil and frugal life, our 
people went to work, and to work with a vim, and in three years had 
accomplished wonders, and had gotten themselves into line and the 
machinery of business fairly going. 

"Now, giving our people these three years to get into position, 
let us see what has been done since. 

"Full statistics of trade and progress have not been preserved. 
Still, there are some facts undisputed, by a comparison of which you 
can measure the result of your labors. 

" For example : while the exact figures cannot be given, it is con- 
siderably understating them to say that from 1868 to 1883 the popu- 
lation has more than doubled. 

" In 1868 the total real and personal property of Lynchburg as- 
sessed for taxation, amounted to ;^3,264, 705 ; in 1883 to 1^9,797, 921, 
or three times as much, and this does not include the capital in busi- 
ness, which comes under the head of license tax. 

" From the data which have been gathered by our agent, I am safe 
in making the following, as an approximate estimate of the values 
owned in Lynchburg in 1883 : 

Amount of real estate $^,,^06,641 

Personal property, as taxed 3,891,271 

Engaged in trade, as capital and otherwise 2,897,962 

U. S. Bonds and other personal property, not listed, 

estimated 500,000 

Total property of the city ;^i 2,695, 874 

" This shows that, while the population was doubled in this period, 
the wealth is four times as great. 

"This estimate of population and property is made with due re- 
gard to the extension of the City limits, which was made between 
the two dates compared. In ascertaining the population in 1868, I 
take the figures of a local census which included all the territory sub- 
sequently incorporated into the City, and the values are taken from 
the values assessed for taxation under the railroad tax, which ex- 
tended for half a mile around the former limits, and included all the 
territory taken in by the extension of the limits. 



142 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

"Another interestin^j comparison is found in the statements of 
the bankincr institutions of the City. 

" The true banking capital of a place is not the mere par of the 
aggregate capital stock of the different banks. It is the money 
which, through the instrumentality of the banks, is centralized in a 
place, and is available to the merchant or manufacturer who desires 
to borrow. This, of course, includes under the head of ' Banking- 
Capital,' the aggregate capital, surplus and deposits of all the banks ; 
for this aggregate, after deducting what is invested in real estate, 
office furniture and other like property, and what cash is necessarily 
kept on hand, is what the banks have to lend out and thus put into 
the channels of trade. 

" In the beginning of 1868, the aggregate capital, surplus and de- 
posits of all the banks of Lynchburg amounted only to ;f^5 37,81 1.82, 
of which, so high was the rate of discount, [then twelve per centum] 
that only $276,^,^^.4.^ was lent out and represented by bills receivable. 

" In 1883, the aggregate capital, surplus and deposits, amounts to 
;S3,428,078. 17 — over six times as much — and the loans, instead of 
being $276,359.45, as in 1868. aggregate an average of two and one- 
half millions — nearly ten times as much, but are at a rate of discount 
of only six per centum. 

" Nor is this great increase the only remarkable disclosure made 
by this inspection of the bank statements. The bills receivable of 
the banks and bankers of the city averaged for 1883, an aggregate 
of about $2,500,000. The average duration of the negotiable paper 
discounted by banks is ninety days, and hence the whole $2,500,000 
was renewed, some of it in the same, but the most of it in different 
hands, four times during the year ; and therefore the total discounts 
of the banks of Lynchburg for the year 1883 aggregated ten millions 
of dollars, and I speak advisedly, as the President of a bank in full 
accord with the other banks, and by their authority, when I announce 
that out of this large sum so lent out in this community during the 
past yQdir, not one cent was lost or suspended. The same thing, I be- 
lieve, can not be said by any other place of the same size and doing 
the same amount of business in the United States. 

" The statistics from the railroads have not all been furnished yet ; 
but enough is before me to justify a statement that the tonnage to 
and from Lynchburg during the past year was about nine time as 
much as it was ten years ago. 

* * * * * :!: ^: :i: 

" During the past ten years, the trade and manufacture of tobacco 
lias increased, but not in proportion with the advance of other indus- 
tries, a fact which is significant, and for which many reasons are given. 

" In 1873, 18,206,321 pounds of leaf tobacco were sold in Lynch- 
burg ; in 1883, 24,620,811 pounds. In 1873,4,503,337 pounds of 
tobacco were manufactured here; in 1883, 6,061,568 pounds. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



•43 



"Why this trade alone has lagged in the race, is a very difficult 

question to answer. 

* * * * ^ * * * 

" For one I have no great apprehension that the tobacco trade of 
this City will decline. There is too much energy and capital in it for 
that, but the fact is the place has outgrown this particular traffic. 
Thirty years ago, aye, twenty years ago, when Lynchburg won and 
deserved the title of ' The Tobacco City,' when capital and industry 




EESIDENCES ON CHURCH STREET. 

MR. CHARLES W. BUTTON. DR. D. A. LANGHORNE. 

sought no other channel, when a citizen was a tobacconist or nothing, 

and when a stranger, to use the language of the sable poet, was only 

' 'Gwiiie down to Lynchburg town, 
To carry his tobacco down dar,' 

this place was dependent on that trade exclusively. This is not now 
the case, not because of any decline in the tobacco trade, but because 
other enterprises have to so much larger extent occupied the indus- 
tries of our people, and have made such rapid growth that tobacco, 
while it is still indisputably king, and will be so for many years to 
come, finds a rival not to be despised, and all good citizens must re- 
ioice that such is the case. 



144 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

■' Long since the war the commercial vigor of Lynchburg was con- 
fined to the retail trade. Now the retail trade has greatly increased 
in bulk and in profit, and in addition, house after house is being 
started, devoted exclusively to the wholesale business in distinct 
articles. 

"The merchant can here be supplied now with groceries, dry 
goods, hard-ware, boots and shoes, hats and caps, drugs and medicines, 
all from different houses, and at prices so low that those who buy 
once are sure to come again. Nor do these merchants sit quietly in 
their counting rooms and wait for trade to come to them, as in the 
Arcadian days of John Hollins, John G. Meem and Henry Davis. 

" Every train that leaves, carries a commercial traveller on his 
missionary tour in behalf of his employer in particular, and Lynch- 
burg in general, and I am told that whenever two or three are gath- 
ered together within a radius of hundreds of miles, there will be 
found a Lynchburg drummer in the midst, plying his vocation with 
such zeal that the more fastidious. representatives of the larger cities 
retire in disgust from the ground, knowing that if it is thus in the 
green tree, competition will be a farce in the dry. 

" If one will start from the abutment of the beautiful dam which 
has just been finished across the river, and which will greatly increase 
our water power, and pass down to the end of tliis level on the canal, 
the evidence of recent growth and development is very apparent " — 
(Here are enumerated Flour Mills, Foundries and Machine Shops, 
Gas Works, Lumber Yards, the new City Pump House, Planing 
Mills, Sash, Blind and Door Factories, Furnaces, Furniture Factory, 
Sumac Mill, Bark and Dye Works, Barytes Mill and " the long line 
of freight trains, bulked from three roads, and with cars whose labels 
trace their homes South as far as Te.xas, West to the Rocky Moun- 
tains and North to the Grand Trunk ") — " all tell of new enterprise, 
of diverted capital, and of successful endeavors, and tell a tale to 
which others are listening with anxious ear. 

* * * -i: t- ^ ^ ii: 

" I have thus grouped some of these new enterprises that we may 
.see the City is making its departure into other channels than tobacco. 
But much, much more can and must be done. How much room 
have we for cotton and woolen factories, for manufactories of agricul- 
tural implements, of carriages and wagons, of paper, wooden ware, 
spokes, staves, fertilizers, leather, boots and shoes, hats and caps, 
drugs and medicines, stoves and castings of like nature, furniture, 
pottery, glass and all the infinite variety of iron ware ; indeed all the 
numberless articles which man's lu.xuries or necessities demand. 

" We have room in abundance, and there is still vast unused water 
power on this and the level above the City, or, if steam is preferred as 
a motive power, coal is now reduced to a figure which makes it avail- 
able, and by circling the town with a railway, switching off from the 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



145 



Midland track, near Karn & Hickson's brick yard, and running 
toward the Dirt Bridge or Fair Grounds, and possibly connecting with 
the Norfolk & Western road, very ample accommodations can be 
provided for any new enterprise at very moderate cost. 

" Situated as this City is, in the midst of a cheap and healthy 
country, where labor and money are cheap ; where power, either by 
water or steam can be economically applied ; where the raw material 
is daily passing by us to seek distant factories ; where the climate is 
so moderate that cyclones and tornadoes are unknown, and where 
the zero point is almost unnoted on the thermometer, and men can 
do out-door work eleven and a half out of the twelve months of the 




-v<U<^/?^^ 






PROPERTY OF THE LYNCHBURG AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL 

SOCIETY. 
(the main building and grand stands from the race track.) 

year, and where six railways ray out in six different directions, and 
connect with the whole network of the land, North, South, East and 
West — there is no place which so commends itself to the manufac- 
turer as a distributing point for his wares, or where he can sit so close 
to the gateways of the great marts and enjoy their benefits and yet 
escape their burden of expense." 

THE LYNCHBURG AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL 

SOCIETY 

was organized in May, 1 869, and in October of the .same year held 
its first annual Fair in the beautiful and extensive grounds belonging 



146 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

to the Society, near the southwestern boundary of the City. Col. 
George P. Tayloe, of Roanoke, was chosen as the first President, and 
the late Mr. T. C. S. Ferguson, of Lynchburg, Chairman of the Ex- 
ecutive Committee, with Mr. Alexander McDonald Secretary and 
Treasurer. Under the able management of these excellent officers, 
assisted by an Executive Committee comprising some of the most 
substantial citizens of Lynchburg and the neighboring counties, the 
success of the organization was assured from its inception. Under 
the immediate supervision of Mr. Ferguson, with the benefit of his 
experience and jndgment, the Society expended about $20,000 dur- 
ing the first summer and autumn of its existence, in beautifying the 
grounds, erecting buildings — pavilions, stalls. &c. — and in laying out 
and grading the race track. 

The Society has had some reverses and many difficulties to contend 
with, on account of unseasonable weather, floods, financial stringency 
and other causes, but it has always managed to hold its own, and 
more, not having failed once, since its organization, to give to this 
community and section of country the benefit of its Annual Exhibi- 
tion ; and during that period it has distributed to its friends and pat- 
rons, in the way of premiums and current expenses, about $150,000, 
besides having been the means of attracting hundreds of thousands of 
dollars in trade to the City, that might otherwise have gone else- 
where. The advantages that the Society has conferred upon Lynch- 
burg are beyond any computation. 

Col. Tayloe was succeeded as President by Mr. Joseph Cloyd, of 
I'ulaski, and he, in turn, by Mr. George W. Palmer, of Smyth 
Countv. Major D. P. Graham, of Wythe, was the next President, 
succeeded by Mr. Charles M. Blackford, of this City. At the annual 
meeting held on May 2nd of this year. Senator John VV. Daniel was 
unanimously elected the President of the Society for the current 
year, Mr. l^lackford having declined re-election. Mr. Blackford 
was also the .second chairman of the ICxecutive Committee ; Mr. B. 
IL Nowlin. third ; and Mr. John W. Carroll, fourth. Mr. E. J. 
j^'olkes succeeded Mr. Carroll, and is. and has been for five years, a 
most efficient incumbent of this most responsible position. It is due 
to Mr. Folkes to say that the signal success of the Centennial Celebra- 
tion, held last year (1886) was owing more to him than to an}' other 
individual, because of his indefatigable personal supervision and direc- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



H7 



tion of the preparations, together with the great abihty and excellent 
judgment he exercised in consummating the desired object. 

Many eminent statesmen and orators have, from time to time, hon- 
ored the Society with their presence, and addressed the gathered 
multitudes, on the occasion of the Annual Exhibitions at the Fair 
Grounds. The list would be too extended if all were enumerated, 
but it may not be amiss to mention Hon. A. G. Thurman, a native 
Lynchburger, Senator Vance, Hon. B. Johnson Barbour, Governor 
Gilbert C. Walker, Hon. Thomas S. Bocock, Hon. A. R. Boteler, 




PROPERTY OP THE LYNCHBURG AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL 

SOCIETY. 
(view of the fair grounds from the main building.) 

Hon. J. L. M, Curry, Judge Fullerton, of New York, General Fitz- 
hugh Lee, the present Governor of Virginia, Rev. Dr. Fitzgerald, 
another native Lynchburger, Capt. James Barron Hope, of Norfolk, 
and Lynchburg's distinguished son and fa\'orite orator, Senator John 
W. Daniel. 

At the annual meeting of the Life Members of the Agricultural 
Society in 1884, a preamble and resolution were introduced by Mr. 
Alexander McDonald, and unanimously adopted, setting forth the 
fact that the year 1886 would be the Centennial of L}'nchburg's ex- 
istence, and suggesting, thus early, the propriety of ]ia\ing the Exec- 
utive Committee take the initiative in celebrating it appropriately. 



148 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Actin^[T upon this suggestion, co-operative committees from other or- 
ganizations in the City were appointed, and, by the faithful, united 
and harmonious work of all, the great and memorable Celebration of 
last year was the result. To Mr. McDonald is due the credit of orig- 
inating the idea of the Centennial and in arranging and carrying out 
the programme, and it is also his due to add that no one worked 
more laboriously to make it a success in every particular. The 
Trades Parade would have reflected credit upon a city of much greater 
pretensions than Lynchburg. It was the surprise and delight of all 
who saw it. Various were the attractions during the festival, and 
immense crowds thronged the streets, to the number of many thou- 
sands in excess. of any previous concourse here. It was, in fact, a 
glorious reunion, and will be long remembered by all who took part 
in it. One of the many prominent features of the celebration was 
the planting of a " Centennial Oak " in the Fair Grounds, with im- 
pressive and interesting ceremonies. 

The Lynchburg Agricultural and Mechanical Society is now in the 
full tide of prosperity, being entirely free from debt and having a sur- 
plus in its treasury. The Managers of its affairs point with just pride 
to its prosperous condition — the most prosperous by far of all similar 
organizations in the State. Whilst there are many who have contributed 
liberally of their time and money to bring about this state of affairs, 
all will agree that to the accomplished editor of the Vtrginian, Mr. 
Alexander McDonald, the community is indebted more than to any 
one else, because of his ever watchful and faithful care in the man- 
agement of the Society's interests, in his dual capacity of Secretary 
and Treasurer. Those who have the best opportunity of knowing 
will bear willing te.stimony to the correctness of this statement ; and 
further, that, except for Mr. McDonald's efforts, the Society would 
long since have languished and died. The fact of his having been 
re-elected unanimously every year to this respon.sible office, is ample 
evidence of the confidence and appreciation in which he is held by 
the members and managers of the Society. 

The next l^^iir will be held in October of this year, and the Execu- 
tive Committee are already making preparations, by improving the 
race track, grading, beautifying, building, planting, &c., and it is be- 
lieved that this will be the most extensive and attractive exhibition 
ever given under the auspices of the Society. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 49 

The following are the present officers : President, John W. Daniel ; 
Chairjiian of Executive Coininiitee, E. J. Folkes ; Secretary and Treas- 
urer, Alexander McDonald ; Execntive Committee, E. J. Folkes, F. D, 
Johnson, E. A. Craighill, Ridgway Holt, R. L. Miller, George D. 
Witt, James R. Kyle, L. P. Shaner, \V. D. Adams, Samuel Tyree, 
E. C. Hamner, S. W.' Nowlin, G. W. Smith, W. O. Johnson and 
Joseph Cohn. 

BANKS AND BANKERS. 

It is beyond question that in the matter of sound and liberal finan- 
cial institutions Lynchburg is extremely fortunate. These form the 
bulwarks of trade in all mercantile and industrial communities, and 
frequently offer the safest and most satisfactory investment for float- 
ing capital. There are five incorporated Bahks in the City — four 
National and one State — besides two private Bankers. These repre- 
sent resources which in the aggregate amount to several millions of 
dollars — a sum fully adequate to all the demands which the large 
trade of the City is likely to make upon it. No difficulty is expe- 
rienced by the manufacturers, brokers and other business men in ob- 
taining as much money as they require, at all times and at reasonable 
rates, on good commercial paper. In fact, the Banks are competitors 
for mercantile discounts, and are always ready and willing to aid the 
reputable merchant and manufacturer in the prosecution of his legiti- 
mate business. The Lynchburg Banks are well and prudently man- 
aged, and are all paying handsome dividends. In evidence of this 
it may be stated that they have been entirely unaffected by the 
"runs" and "panics" which have proved so disastrous to the *^ — 
banking establishments of other Virginia cities during the last few 
years. 

HOTELS. 

On arriving at Lynchburg for the first time, the stranger cannot 
fail to be impressed most favorably with the superiority of our Hotel 
accommodations ; and this is admitted to be one of the best crite- 
rions by which to gauge the general commercial prosperity — or other- 
^vise — of every city. It must be confessed that in this respect many 
of our Southern provincial towns are sadly deficient, and the traveller 
is certain to be agreeably surprised at the comfort and elegance with 
which he finds himself surrounded when he first accepts the hospi- 



150 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

tality of the " Hill City." Situated at the intersection of several 
busy railroads, Lynchburg receives and entertains many thousands 
of transient visitors during the year, and first-class hotels have been, 
for many years past, not only an absolute necessity to the public but 
also a source of handsome revenue to their proprietors, who vie with 
each other in supplying the wants and increasing the comforts of their 
guests. 

Our Hotels are all that the most fastidious could desire — lofty, 
commodious, well lighted and well ventilated, within easy reach of 
railroad depots, churches, places of amusement, street railways, banks, 
stores. &c. ; well furnished and provided with parlors and reception 
rooms ; cleanly, comfortable, well managed and devoid of those tri- 
fling but numerous discomforts which usually render hotel life so un- 
attractive. Their tables abound in all seasonable luxuries, and the 
large patronage which they enjoy is the best possible testimonial to 
their excellence. 

IRON WORKS, FOUNDRIES, &c. 
The proximity of Lynchburg to the great coal and iron fields of 
Western Virginia has naturally led to the establishment at this point 
of Furnaces and Iron Works, of which there are now three in exten- 
sive operation. All of these have recently enlarged their capital 
with a view to expanding their capacity and increasing their products. 
They are all busy and prosperous, with every prospect of continued 
success. Pig Iron of the finest quality is manufactured from the ores 
of this district, while the Nails, Bars, Spikes, &c., made here in large 
quantities are unsurpassed, and command a ready market as rapidly 
as they can be turned out. Castings for Agricultural Implements 
and Machinery of all kinds are also among the products of our local 
foundries. In addition to these there are established agencies of 
Harvesting Machines of various popular makes, and of those numer- 
ous other inventions which have become indispensable to the modern 
agriculturist and manufacturer. The means of supplying, renewing 
and repairing is thus brought within the reach of all who employ en- 
gines and other mechanical contrivances, either in tobacco factories, 
grist or saw mills, or in the simpler but not less essential operations 
of the farm. 

DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. 
The bulk of business done in these important commodities, in 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I5I 

Lynchburg, is much more considerable than would be supposed by 
the uninitiated, and is conducted by two wholesale and about a dozen 
retail houses, whose united sales reach the handsome sum of half a 
million dollars, or thereabouts, annually. The stocks kept by these 
establishments are large and varied, and several of our druggists have 
earned a wide and honorable reputation through the excellence of 
the goods they supply, as well as through the agency of certain 
" specialties " which they put up. 

The wholesale and manufacturing representatives of this branch of 
trade have done valuable service to the City, for their enterprise has 
been the means of retaining and disbursing among our own people, 
in the form of v/ages, and otherwise, thousands of dollars which for- 
merly went to Richmond, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and other markets, 
in payment for the same goods which can now be supplied at home, 
on equally favorable terms. 

Besides Drugs and Chemicals, all our wholesale and some of our 
retail houses carry full lines of Paints and Oils. Perfumery, Spices, 
Seeds, Patent Medicines, Fancy and Toilet Articles, and numerous 
other commodities not strictly akin to pharmacy, such as Tobacco, 
Cigars, Cigarettes, &c. Our principal wholesale drug trade is carried 
on with Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, the two Carolinas and Georgia, 
while all the Southern and Middle States have been made more or 
less familiar with Lynchburg's enterprise in this line. Nor is this all. 
From New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Denver, San Fran- 
cisco, Austin, and all the principal cities of the Union, orders have 
been received for preparations compounded here, 'and it is a matter 
of record, most gratifying to the manufacturers, that these prepara- 
tions have been enquired for and purchased in London and Paris, as 
well as in other European capitals. Even distant Australia has fur- 
nished an applicant for the agency of one of Lynchburg's proprietary 
medicines, and it is therefore quite reasonable to expect that the 
name and fame of our City will yet overspread the civilized world as 
the birth place and home of more than one commercial celebrity. 

BOOKS, STATIONERY, &c. 

The quality and quantity of reading matter in circulation among 
the people of any community will be found to be a very accurate test 
of their intellectual capacity and refinement. Where there are well 



152 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

patronized book stores, carrying large and well-selected assortments 
of standard literature, there will also most certainly be found a large 
proportion of cultivated and well-informed readers. And this may 
justly be claimed for Lynchburg, where the book business is con- 
ducted by men whose own high education and mental culture emi- 
nently qualify them to cater to the intellectual requirements of their 
neighbors. We have several handsome and well-stocked Book and 
Stationery Stores, where all commodities usually kept by first-class 
establishments of the kind are to be found in great abundance and 
endless variety, including choice paintings, engravings, photographs, 
and a host of other articles which may be grouped under the generic 
term " Fancy." In some cases the Book and Stationery business is 
combined with that of Pianos, Organs and Music, and our dealers 
represent the most famous factories in' the country, and always keep 
on hand a large selection of first-class instruments. 

GROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 

These two important branches of Lynchburg's trade are here con- 
solidated, for the reason that they are too closely allied to each other 
to admit of separate treatment. United, they cover a vast field and 
embrace many interests. Indeed, there is no department of com- 
mercial enterprise represented in the City which employs so much 
capital, engages so many of our leading business men, or exercises so 
wide-spread an influence over the whole territory which recognizes 
Lynchburg as its principal or central market. It is customary among 
our wholesale grocers to act also as commission merchants, and vice 
versa. Vast quantities of tobacco, grain, bacon, poultry and other 
kinds of produce, are received here for sale on commission, and the 
consignments are often accompanied by orders for provisions or cash. 
An open account is often kept by the planter with his Commission 
Merchant, who advances what goods, fertilizers and money may be 
required by his country customer, from harvest to harvest, and it 
occasionally happens that the latter is unable, through misfortune or 
some other cause, to make a settlement even at harvest time, in which 
event his Commission Merchant must " carry " him till the following 
year, taking a mortgage lien upon land or future crops, as security. 
It will be seen that considerable capital is required to carry on a busi- 
ness of this kind ; and it may be here stated, without fear of contra- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



diction, that in no town in the United States can be found a more 
sound, solvent and successful body of business men than the Grocers 
and Commission Merchants of Lynchburg, in proportion to the pop- 
ulation and the amount of capital involved. 



RESIDENCE OF MR. JOSEPH COHN. 

(CHURCH STRKET, NEAR SIXTH.) 

FURNITURE. 

This trade has assumed much importance in Lynchburg of late 
years, and now employs a large cash capital. Ordinary houseliold 
necessaries could always be obtained here as well as elsewhere, but 
the handsomer and more expensive articles were generally sought at 
Richmond, or even still further away, until those now engaged in the 
business wisely took advantage of the opportunity thus offered to 



154 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

local enterprise. Our Furniture Warerooms now contain large and 
varied assortments of stock, and every taste and every pocket can 
be suited, at factory prices, whether the articles be required for par- 
lor, dining room, chamber, office or school. There are several firms 
engaged here in this business, and they can afford to sell their goods 
at reasonable figures, as they make their purchases at the manufac- 
tories and obtain the most favorable terms. The out-lying districts 
of this and adjoining States find this a most advantageous market at 
which to make their purchases, and each year brings increased busi- 
ness to our dealers. Here, as in other places, there are those to be 
met with who refuse to acknowledge genuine excellence unless they 
import it direct from some distant market ; but experience has 
taught the great majority of consumers that it is more economical, 
as well as infinitely more satisfactory, to deal with merchants whom 
they know personally and meet every day, reliable and responsible 
business men, who are always accessible when, through some acci- 
dent or unexpected flaw, a guarantee may have to be made good. 

WEARING APPAREL. 

The above words are intended only to apply, in this instance, to 
Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothiers' and Tailors' Goods, and 
Men's Furnishing Goods generally, and not to those unfathomable 
mysteries of feminine attire which are di.stracting even to think upon, 
and cannot possibly be either enumerated or described. These com- 
bined interests require considerable capital, and it is estimated that in 
Lynchburg not less than a quarter of a million of dollars is invested 
in them. The Boot and Shoe business, in which there is one large 
house doing an exclusively wholesale trade, is very far reaching, and 
goods supplied by Lynchburg houses may be found in every portion 
of Central and Western Virginia, in the two CaroHnas, Georgia, Ala- 
bama, Tennessee and other Southern States. Hats and Caps, which 
also have an exclusively wholesale representative here, form another 
link in the chain which binds us commercially to the people of ad- 
joining States, and sales in this line are heavy, especially in Virginia, 
North Carolina and Tennessee, where the bulk of the business is 
done. The .same may be truly said of Clothiers' and Tailors' Goods 
and Men's Furnishing Goods, the trade in which is extending grad- 
ually, and will doubtless some day overspread a much more extended 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 55 

territorj^ All these different branches of Lynchburg's business are 
in the hands of sterling, practical men, who are intimately acquainted 
with the wants of their respective trades and thoroughly understand 
them in their most minute details. Having sufficient working capi- 
tal, they are enabled to take advantage of every fluctuation of the 
market, and to buy up at low figures whatever may be suitable to 
their business. By these means they can often sell to the retail trade 
and individual consumers at better prices than the manufacturer 
would be willing to accept during his busy season. 

DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, &c. 

No attempt will be made here to depict the wonders or solve the 
mysteries of that " Woman's Paradise," a first-class Dry Goods Store, 
a mere catalogue of whose ordinary stock would fill many a close- 
writ page. Suffice it to say that Lynchburg can show as handsome 
and as well-stocked establishments devoted to this particular class of 
merchandise as any city in Virginia, or elsewhere in the Southern 
L^d. She can also boast of at least one mammoth concern, whose 
trade is exclusively wholesale, and whose annual business it would 
require seven figures to compute. Until within the past few years 
the wholesale trade of Lynchburg, in this as in all other departments, 
was comparatively unimportant, but only for the reason that no per- 
sistent experiment in that direction had been made. The uniform 
success which has crowned those enterprising houses which have led 
the van in establishing the City as a great wholesale depot has alread}' 
encouraged several others to follow their good example, and it is not 
overstating the case to assert that to-day the " Hill City " has few 
equals in the whole South as a trade centre. Our principal Dry 
Goods and Notions Stores are on Main Street and many of them carry 
heavy stocks of all those articles belonging to their trade, including 
full lines of carpets, of all descriptions and the product of all lands, 
as well as mats, rugs, druggets, and other similar wares. All their 
goods are guaranteed not to exceed Northern prices, and their assort- 
ments are as complete as are to be met with in any other city. 

MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. 

In the preceding pages, special attention has been directed, under 
distinctive headings, to several of the principal branches of trade and 



156 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

industry which engage the manufacturing and mercantile classes of 
Lynchburg, and it must be conceded that not only does the present 
condition of her affairs make a most creditable showing, but also 
that her existing advantages are in a fair way to be considerably aug- 
mented, and that her future is rich in promises of continually in- 
creasing prosperity — promises which will certainly be redeemed, 
provided her people remain faithful to themselves and to their tra- 
ditions. 

In addition to the more prominent subjects already reviewed, there 
are others, too numerous for separate classification, and yet too pro- 
ductive of good, in their combined influence upon the community, to 
justify their being passed by without mention. Among the indus- 
tries which may be regarded as incidental to the enormous tobacco 
interests of the City, the manufacture of Hogsheads and Tobacco 
Boxes occupies a prominent position and gives employment to a 
large number of mechanics. The demand for these products by 
local tobacco shippers and manufacturers is naturally very consider- 
able ; but it is not confined to the City, orders being constantly.re- 
ceived from neighboring towns along the several lines of railroad. 
A Broom and Brush factory has recently been established here, and 
its capacity is already taxed to fill orders for the local trade. This 
will prove of great advantage not only to those actually engaged in 
the business, but also as suggesting to the farmers of this district a 
new and profitable crop. The phenomenal success of our Fertilizer 
and Insecticide factory — the only one in the world the basis of whose 
product is tobacco — has been most gratifying to the whole commu- 
nity, as well as to its projectors and proprietors, the value of whose 
ingenious formula has been proved beyond controversy under the 
severest tests. The Printing and I^inding establishments of the City 
defy successful competition as regards both the quality and the price 
of the work they turn out. Every visitor to the City is struck at 
once with the style and excellence of the carriages and horses — the 
property of our enterprising Livery Stable proprietors — which are 
always to be seen on our streets. There is perhaps no town in the 
South where better conveyances and saddle horses can be hired than 
in Lynchburg. This is due in great measure to the almost precipi- 
tous character of many of our thoroughfares, on which inferior horse- 
flesh and defective vehicles would be worse than useless. In this 
connection it may be stated that there are several carriage, buggy, 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 1 57 

cart and wagon builders in the City who turn out first-class work and 
are highly esteemed throughout the neighboring districts. The City 
Cemeteries and rural Graveyards for many miles around are supplied 
with beautiful marble and granite shafts and tomb-stones which bear 
the " imprint " of a well known Lynchburg sculptor, as do also many 
of the ornaments which adorn our handsome churches and residences. 
The windows and show cases of our Jewelry Stores sparkle with rich 
gems and present a most attractive assortment of watches, clocks, 
gold and silver ware, and such other articles as pertain to this depart- 
ment of trade, which here embraces spectacles, eye-glasses and opti- 
cians' goods generally. Fine engraving on stone and metal, design- 
ing and repairing of all kinds, can be executed here in true artistic 
style, while orders for Lynchburg watches are received from even the 
most distant points in the United States with increasing frequency. 
In the matter of Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Cutlery, and other kin- 
dred commodities, the business done here is simply enormous, and 
there is no need to pass Lynchburg in search of any article in this 
line, as the whole catalogue can be found in stock at any of our lead- 
ing houses, of first-class quality, and at reasonable prices. The man- 
ufacture of Ice from distilled water is among the recent industrial 
experiments of the City, and, so far, the enterprise has been re- 
warded with complete success. This now indispensable article of 
daily consumption is furnished here at half-a-cent per pound, or, in 
larger quantities, at five dollars per ton. The Ice is absolutely pure, 
and, at the prices above quoted, is now within the reach of all classes 
of consumers. Other important industries are in full and successful 
operation in and around the City, to wit : Grist, Saw and Planing 
Mills, Door, Sash and Blind Factories, Bark Mills, Dye Works, Barytes 
Mills, Stone Quarries, and a score more, which, however, have not 
yet attained special prominence. A tour of the City will reveal to 
the observant visitor such an array of magnificent new structures — 
Churches, Public Buildings, Private Residences, Factories, Stores and 
Warehouses, — that any further eulogy of our Architects, Contractors 
and dealers in Builders' Materials would be regarded by him as en- 
tirely superfluous. This is a great mart for Horses and Mules, which 
are extensively dealt in by our Livery Stable proprietors. The best 
stock for any and all purposes can be obtained here at all times and 
at such prices as to suit all purchasers. The Lynchburg Agricul- 



158 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

tural and Mechanical Society has done much towards establishing^ 
this City as a great cattle and live stock market also, and our leading 
Butchers deal largely in live as well as dead meat of the finest quality. 
Such goods as China and Glass Ware are to be found here in as great 
variety and at as low prices as in the large Northern Cities. Our 
Painters, Plumbers, Tinners, Boot and Shoe Makers, Blacksmiths and 
mechanics of all kinds furnish excellent work, each in his own line ; 
while our Photographic Artists turn out first-class work in all .styles, 
and faithfully reproduce, in most becoming manner, the very superior 
efforts of those other artists, the Milliners and Tailors. Stencil cutting 
and stamp designing have also their efficient representatives here, as 
have also all classes of mechanical and arti.stic contrivances, sewing 
machines, electrical machinery, &c. Musical Instruments of every 
description can be purcha.sed, renewed and repaired. Our Confec- 
tionery establishments are unrivalled in the variety, and excellence of 
their delicious wares. In short, for a city of its size and population, 
there cannot be found one anywhere in which the necessaries, com- 
forts and luxuries of life, in all conceivable forms, are more abundant 
or inore easily obtainable than they are in Lynchburg, and if those 
who have been accustomed to send to distant points for their supplies 
will only give our merchants, manufacturers and mechanics a fair 
trial, they will certainly have no cause to regret the experiment, 
which will no doubt result in securing their permanent patrona;^e for 
our " home trade." 

THE LOCAL TRESS. 

THE LYNCHBURG VIRG1NL\N. 

This venerable and widely known journal,, which has only one 
senior in the State, was established in 1808, when Lynchburg was a 
comparatively small and unimportant town. It was launched as 
" The Lynchburg Press," but when, in 1820, it came into the hands 
of the late John Hampden Pleasants— one of the most distinguished 
journalists the State of Virginia has ever produced — its name was 
changed to "The Lynchburg Virginian'' and has so remained ever 
since. 

When Mr. Pleasants left the Virginian to take up his residence at 
the Capital, where he became the founder of the Richmond Whig, 
Richard H. Toler succeeded to the editorship of this paper, and, 
upon his transfer some years afterwards to the Richmond Whig, 
William M. Blackford became his successor here. Upon the retire- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. I 59 

merit of Mr. Blackford, A. W. C. Terry assumed the duties of editor 
of the Virginian, and continued in their discharge until his death, 
which occurred in 185 I. James McDonald was then installed in the 
editorial chair which he occupied till the beginning of 1857, when 
the paper was purchased by Charles W. Button, who became editor 
and continued in that position until July, 1885, when he was ap- 
pointed Postmaster of Lynchburg by President Cleveland, and re- 
tired from the paper in order to assume his new duties. His succes- 
sor was L. S. Marye, who served the Virginian as editor until Feb- 
ruary, 1887, when Mr. Button, having resigned as Postmaster, re- 
sumed the editorial position for one month, and finally severed his 
connection in the succeeding March, when the paper was purchased 
by a syndicate of Lynchburg gentlemen, and Alexander McDonald 
was chosen for the position of editor-in-chief, with W. W. Wysor as 
his assistant 

During its eighty years of vigorous life, the Virginian has wielded 
an appreciable power in State and local politics, and has always been 
a warm advocate of Lynchburg's truest interests, in whatever form 
they happened to be presented. 

THE LYNCHBURG NEWS 

was established on the 15th of January, 1866, by Edward D. Chris- 
tian, a prominent lawyer of the City, and A. Waddill, a practical and 
experienced printer. Mr. Waddill subsequently became, and still 
remains, its sole owner. The first editor of the Neivs was Robert E. 
Withers, afterwards United States Senator from Virginia, and now 
Consul to Hong Kong, China. John G. Perry was the first City 
Editor. Congressman Thomas Whitehead was afterwards editor-in- 
chief of the paper, and was succeeded, in April, 1880, by Alexander 
McDonald, Carter Glass at the same time taking the place of A. J. 
De Witt as City Editor. In March, 1887, Carter Glass succeeded 
Mr, McDonald as editor-in-chief Mr. A. W. Strange has been the 
Business Manager of the Ncivs. for twenty years, and to his excellent 
business capacity the success of the paper is largely due. The News 
is now one of the firmly established institutions of Lynchburg, and 
one of the best paying newspaper establishments in Virginia. It has 
a large and constantly increasing circulation of all its editions ; espe- 
cially in the rich Southwest, where its bright, new.sy pages are fa- 
miliar to nearly every home circle. It also circulates largely through 
Pittsylvania, Franklin, Henry and Patrick Counties, and in the coun- 
ties immediately contiguous to Lynchburg. Its news facilities are 
unsurpassed by any paper outside of Richmond, and are being im- 
proved every week. 

THE LYNCHBURG ADVANCE. 
This newspaper was established on the 5th of May, 1880, by 



l6o SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

Whiteheads, Murrell & Co., who printed daily, semi-weekly and 
weekly editions, Capt. Thomas C. Whitehead being its Editor. In 
May, 1882, was formed a joint stock company which conducted the 
paper for fifteen months under the business management of Mr. W. 
C. Carrington. In 1883 the company was reorganized, and Mr. T. 
Davis Evans succeeded Mr. Carrington as Business Manager. 

There was a second reorganization in August, 1885, when Major 
R. H. Glass succeeded Capt. Whitehead as editor-in-chief and Mr. 
A. J. De Witt became City Editor, Mr. Evans remaining in charge 
of the Counting Room and Mr. H. W. Baker assuming the responsi- 
ble position of Foreman and Assistant Editor. The staff of the paper 
has remained unchanged since the last mentioned date. 

Under its present management the Advance has made long and 
rapid strides in public favor, and is now recognized as among the 
leading journals of the State. Its subscription list was soon doubled 
and is still steadily increasing. In politics it is " Democratic at all 
times and under all circumstances," independent in every sense of 
external influence, and devoted to the dual purpose of publishing all 
the news of the day, and of influencing public opinion for the public 
good. 

As a pure, interesting and enterprising sheet, the Advance has won 
its way into the hearts and homes of the people, and there are but 
few Post Offices in Virginia at which it is a stranger, in one or other 
of its editions. Its circulation in the adjacent States is also becom- 
ing important, and its value as an advertising medium is becoming 
proportionately enhanced. 

Being the only afternoon paper in the City, and having secured 
perfect telegraphic arrangements, it has become a veritable necessity 
to this enlightened and i)rogressive community. 

THE WEEKLY LABOR RECORD. 

This Journal, which is "The official organ of District Assembly 
No. 193, Knights of Labor," was established in June, 1886, by its 
present Editor and Proprietor, Mr. J. C. Boston. It is devoted to 
the interests of Labor, in all its numerous ramifications. It is pub- 
lished every Saturday, and has secured a large circulation and a lib- 
eral advertising patronage. 

MARSHALL LODGE HOME AND RETREAT, FOR THE 
SICK AND WOUNDED. 

This institution, as its name implies, is a monument to local Ma- 
sonic benevolence and public spirit. It was opened on April ist, 
1886, by Marshall Lodge No. 39, A. F. and A. M., and is governed 
by a Board of Managers elected by that Lodge. The Home is sit- 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. l6l 

uated on the corner of Washington and Church Streets, Diamond 
Hill, within two squares of the line of street cars, and its site is one 
of the healthiest and most picturesque in the City. It affords accom- 
modation for twenty patients, and during the first year of its exist- 
ence (ending April ist, 1887), over sixty sufferers were taken care of 
within its walls. 

The institution contains four private rooms and four ward rooms. 
Of the latter, two are in a separate building and are reserved for col- 
ored patients. Cots have been endowed by the Ladies' Relief So- 
ciety, the Ladies' Cot Society, (of St. Pauls Episcopal Church,) and 
the Little Sisters of Mercy, for the use of indigent sufferers. Mod- 
erate charges are made to those patients who are able to pay, and in 
this manner the running expenses of the institution are partially de- 
frayed. The deficit, whatever that may be, is borne by Marshall 
Lodge. It is a noble charity, and one that has already conferred in- 
estimable blessing upon the sick and suffering of the community. 
All the physicians of the City give their services free in all cases re- 
ceived at the Home in which the patients are unable to pay, thus 
securing even to the poorest the advantage of .skilled medical treat- 
ment. Many lives have doubtless been saved, and many hearts 
made glad by the care and attention afforded by the Home, which 
would otherwise have been beyond their reach. 

The present officers and Board of Managers of the Marshall Lodge 
Home and Retreat are as follows* President, J. P. Bell; Vice-Presi- 
dent, T. D. Davis ; Treasurer, T. D. Jennings ; Secretary, Dr. C. E. 
Busey ; Managers, J. P. Bell, T. D. Davis, T. D. Jennings, R. T, 
Aunspaugh, R. T. Craighili, T. M. McCorkle, Dr. A. I. Clark, S. D. 
Preston and E. N. Eubank. The domestic arrangements of the 
Home are under the charge of the efficient Matron, Mrs. B. B. Cole, 
assisted by trained nurses. 

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 
This Association was organized on November 26th, 1882, with 
twenty-three members. Its life at first was very feeble, but when, in 
April, 1883, the State Convention met in this City, a deep interest in 
the organization was awakened, and steps were forthwith taken to in- 
sure its increased and permanent usefulness. To this end, the City 
was thoroughly canvassed for the necessary funds by Messrs. W. H. 
Wren, of Lynchburg ; C. A. Licklider, then Secretary of the Asso- 
ciation at Petersburg ; and Mcllhaney, of Staunton. The As- 
sociation then occupied the rooms over the office of Messrs. R. Pol- 
lard & Co., on Eighth Street, but the growing membership soon made 
it necessary to secure more extensive quarters, and on January ist, 
1885, these were found and rented on the corner of Main and Eighth 
Streets, 



|62 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA, 

In April, 1886, the City was again canvassed for the purpose of 
raising money sufficient to build a permanent Home worthy of the 
Association. The handsome and commodious structure on Church 
Street, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, an engraving of which 
is shown on the opposite page, was the result of this canvass, and 
the citizens may well feel proud of this fine building, which was 
erected at a cost of about $17,000. 

Mr. C- A. Licklider was the first Secretary of this Association. 
He held the office for six months and was succeeded by Mr. Charles 
Hammersley. In April, 1884, the last named gentleman retired and 
the duties of the Secretaryship were discharged by Mr. William Gum- 
ming until September ist, 1885, when he resigned to enter the min- 
istry. Mr. Licklider was then recalled, and is now the efficient and 
enthusiastic Secretary of the Association, which owes much of its 
prosperity to his capacity and zeal. 

At the organization of the A.ssociation Mr. W. H, Wren was 
elected President. He served for two years, and was succeeded by 
Mr. VV. A. Hefifernan. Major Thomas J. Kirkpatrick was the next 
presiding officer, and was followed by Mr. J. P. Pettyjohn, who still 
fills the chair. 

The present ofiicers of the Association are : President, J. P. Petty- 
john ; 1st Vice-President, J. G. Payne; 2nd Vice-President, J. L. 
Thompson ; 3rd Vice-President, William Kinnier ; Treasurer, J. B. 
Johnson; Recording Secretary, Christopher Winfree; General Secre- 
tary, C. A. Licklider ; Assistant Secretary, Walter M. Williams ; Su- 
perintendent of Gymnasium, Prof Wyndham Robertson ; Directors: 
R. T. Aunspaugh, N. C. Manson, Jr., M. H. Payne, F. T. Lee, J. T. 
Yates and Charles W. Button. 

The Reading Room is well supplied with a fine class of daily and 
weekly newspapers, magazines and other periodicals. It is open to 
all, whether members of the Association or not, and a hearty wel- 
come is extended to all visitors — especially to strangers in the City. 
To members alone, and their invited guests, V^elong the privilege of 
the parlor, chess room and smoking room, educational classes, gym- 
nasium with instruction, and admission to the monthly entertainments. 

The membership has now grown to five hundred and forty-five, 
and is univer.sally admitted to be of immense benefit not only to the 
individual members but also to the morale of the City generally. 

On November 4th, 1886, the building was formally opened, and 
the occasion was marked by an eloquent and impressive address by 
the Mayor of the City, Mr. N. C. Mansion, Jr., before a large and en- 
thusiastic audience, and by Capt. L. L. Marks, of Petersburg. 




NEW BUILDING OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHKISTIxiN ASSOCIATION. 



164 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

MILITAKY ORGANIZATIONS. 

THE LYNCHBURG HOME GUARD. 

This Company was organized on November 8th, 1859, ^"*^ '^ the 
cnly one still surviving in Lynchburg whose history antedates the 
war. Its original officers were: Captai?i, Samuel Garland, Jr. ; First 
Lieutenant, K. Otey ; Second Lieiiteiiant, M. N. Moorman ; Third 
Lieutenant, John G. Meem, Jr. ; Fourth Lieutenant, Samuel M. Simp- 
son. 

On the 23rd of April, 1861, the Home Guard — loi .strong — left 
Lynchburg, by order of the Governor of Virginia, and were mus- 
tered into the service of the State on the following day at Richmond. 

The War Record of the Company shows that it was engaged in 
the following battles, affairs and skirmishes, namely : Bull Run, Va. , 
July 18, 1861 ; Manassas, Va., July 21, 1861 ; Drainesville, Va., 
December 19, 1861 ; Warrenton Junction, Va. , March 12, 1862 ; 
Yorktown, Va., April 1862; Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862; 
Seven Pines, Va. , May 31, 1862 ; Frazier's Farm, Va., June 30, 1862; 
Second Battle of Manas.sas, Va., August 31, 1862 ; Boonsboro', Md., 
September 14, 1862 ; Sharpsburg, Md., September 17, 1862 , Suffolk 
or White Marsh, Va., April 30, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; 
Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863; Plymouth, N. C, April 
18, 1864; Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864; Cold Harbour, Va., 
June I to 15, 1864; Clay House, Va., June 16 and 17, 1864; Deep 

Bottom or Nine Mile Road, Va., , Chesterfield Line, Va., 

Winter of 1864-5 ; Ford's Depot, Va. , March 30, 1865 ; Dinwiddie 
Court House, Va. , March 31, 1865 ; Five Forks, Va., April i, 1865; 
.Sailors Creek, Va., April 6, 1865. 

It will be seen by the above that the Home Guard was a figJiting 
Company from first to last, and this is still further evidenced by the 
fact that, including members who joined and recruits who followed 
after the Company was mustered into service, forty-four of its num- 
ber were killed or died from wounds, six died in the service of dis- 
ease, twenty-seven were severely wounded and thirty-three wounded 
but not seriously. 

The Company furnished to the Confederate States Army during 
the war thirty-four officers, as follows : One Brigadier General, two 
Colonels, four Majors, thirteen Captains and fourteen Lieutenants. 

The present officers of the Lynchburg Home Guard are : 
K. Otey, Captain, John D. Oglesby, 4th Sergeant, 

E. A. Biggers, ist Lieutenant, W. N. Turner, 5th (or color) " 
John H. Moore, 2nd " W. C. Caldwell, i.st Corporal and 

F" rank C. Scruggs, Junior 2d Lieut. Acting Q. M. S. 

P. T. Withers, Jr., ist Sergeant, William J. Seabury, 2nd Corporal, 
J, L. McKinney, 2nd " McC. Wade, 3rd Corporal, 

Thomas Clay tor, 3rd " John C. Shearer, 4th Corporal. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. l6$ 

THE LYNCHBURG LIGHT ARTILLERY BLUES. 

This battery was organized on May 5th, 1877. Its original officers 
were : Captain, Frank T. Lee ; First Lieutenant, William N. Well- 
ford ; Second Lientetiant, Mosby H. Payne ; Third Lientenant, Wm 
H. Dudley. 

In 1882 the battery went to Baltimore to take part in the great 
" Oriole " festival. During the grand procession they acted as escort 
to "Lord Baltimore" and received two beautiful markers' flags, as 
first prize lor best appearance on parade, presented by the Oriole 
Committee and a Committee from the ist Maryland Regiment. 

Its present officers are : 
Robert D. Yancey, Captain, F. P. Johnson, 4th Serg't (Guidon) 

Samuel H. Dillon, ist Lieutenant John A. Davis, O. M. " 
Alfred A. MuUan, 2nd " James B. Gregory, ist Corporal 

Thomas E. Craddock, 3rd " H. A. Southall, 2nd 

James S. Dudley, ist Sergeant R. L. Poindexter, 3rd " 

J. F. Spencer, 2nd " H. A. Hawkins, 4th " 

W. A. Taylor, 3rd 

THE LIGHT ARTILLERY BLUES. JUNIOR, 

(formerly the LYNCHBURG ZOUAVES), 

were organized on August 25th, 1884, with J. D. Clark as Captain. 
In the fall of 1886 they reorganized and became affiliated with the 
Lynchburg Light Artillery Blues, as a junior battery, which now 
musters thirty-seven youths between the ages of fifteen and eighteen 
years. They are thoroughly drilled, and present a handsome and 
military appearance on parade. The juvenile battery is officered as 
follows : 

Captain — J. D. Clark. 

First Lieutenant — M. C. Jameson, Jr. 

Second Lieutenant — J. L. Well ford. 
Junior Second Licjitenant — C. Owen. 

Sergeants — ist, Emerson ; 2d, Craighill ; 3d, Gilbert ; 4th, ; 

5th, Blackford ; 6th, Lee. 

Corporals — (st, McGehee ; 2d, Warwick ; 3rd, Jameson. 

Dnimmers — Jameson, Wellford, Blackford, Krise. 

THE FITZ LEE TROOP 

was organized in April, 1885, as the "Wise Troop," and was vir- 
tually a reorganization of the original troop of that name which mu.s- 
tered into the service of the State at the beginning of the Civil War, 
and was disbanded at its close. The name of the troop was changed 
last year, as above, in honor of the present Governor of Virginia, the 
dashing and gallant Cavalry General, Fitzhugh Lee, and by his per- 



1 66 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

mission. The original officers of the troop were: Captain, V>. W. 
Bocock ; First Lieutenant, A. S. Payne ; Seeond Lieutenant, Joseph B. 
Page ; Thirel LJeutenant, Jacob Shaner. Capt. Bocock resigned after 
servdng a year and was succeeded by Captain Payne who, in turn, re- 
signed on April 3rd, 1887. 

The present officers of the Fitz Lee Troop are : 
Joseph B. Page, Captain, C. R. Vest, 5th Sergeant 

B. W. Bocock, 1st Lieutenant A. Hauser, color 
Thomas Smith, 2nd *" H.W. Baker, Q. M. " 

W. B. Foster, ist Sergeant B. O. Mays, ist Corporal 

H. A. Fisher, 2nd " R. A. Treavey, 2nd " 

J. J. Beavers, 3rd " L. D. Creasy, 3rd " 

J. P. Ackerly, 4th " T. C. Blackburn. 4th " 

CONCLUSION. 

The story of Lynchburg's rise and progress might be extended in- 
definitely, and even then the half of its advantages and attractions 
remain untold. But it is hoped that those already enumerated will 
prove sufficient to excite the interest and curiosity of the reader who 
has had no opportunity as yet of visiting the beautiful " Hill City " 
or of coming into personal contact with its happy, industrious and 
thriving inhabitants. 

The foregoing sketch is but an outline-drawing at the best ; but its 
object has been to produce a faithful portrait, rather than a flattering 
pietiire, and it is now left to the intelligent and impartial public to 
decide whether the work shall be awarded the credit of having hon- 
estly achieved its purpose, or be consigned as a failure to the pitiful 
doom of perpetual obscurity. It is frankly admitted that the narra- 
tive is sadly deficient in literary merit ; but as no claim has been 
made for it on that score, the fear of adverse criticism has not alloyed 
the gratefulness of the compiler's task. 

The outside world is here informed, on the indisputable authority 
of facts and figures, of the great natural and acquired superiority of 
our busy City as a Commercial and Industrial Centre, where capital 
can alwa}'s find safe and profitable investment, and where honest la- 
bor can at all times command steady and lucrative employment. 
The citizens of Lynchburg may well feel proud of the continued and 
marked improvement which their trade has shown in all its branches; 
and in their name a warm invitation is extended to all who feel 
prompted to investigate the accuracy of the foregoing statements in 
person, with the promise of a cordial, old-fashioned Virginia welcome. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 167 

CITY GOVERNMENT, 1887. 

OFFICERS. 

Mayor — N. C. Manson, Jr. 

Treasurer — John W. Bransford. 

Auditor — Kirk Otey. 

Collector of City Taxes — R. T. Lacy. 

Covimissioner of the Revenue — Charles W. Price. 

CommomveaWi s Attorney — A. H. Burroughs. 

City Attorney — R. G. H. Kean. 

Clerk of the Courts — Samuel D. Preston. 

City Sergeant — Matt. J. Day. 

Chief of Police—]. M. Irwin. 

City Engineer — Aug. Forsberg. 

Superintendent of Water Works — James Allen. 

Register of Water Works — Thomas W. Green. 

Ctty Surveyor — L. P. Rodes. 

High Constable— U C. Talbot ; Deputy— "ti. W. F'aris. 

Coroner — Dr. Carter Wade. 

Clerk of the Market— T. M. Harwood. 

Chief Enc[i7ieer Fire Department — Alexander Thurman. 

Keeper of Almshouse — J. B. McGehee. 

Physician to Almshouse — ^Dr. H. G. Latham. 

Physician to the Outside Poor — Dr. W. H. Dulaney. 

Police Commissioners — D. C. Guy, S. M. McCorkle and W. L. 
Moorman. 

Board of Health— Tfrs. T. L. Walker, G. W. Thornhill and A. I. 
Clark. 

Overseers of the Poor — Dr. W. H. Dulaney (President), Clinton De 
Witt, Richard Matthews, S. W. Younger and N. B. Floyd. 

Boa?'d of Fire Commissioners — G. W. Smith (President), W. H. 
Snead and E. C. Hamner. 

Superintendent of Public Schools — Edward C. Glass. 

Board of School Trustees—^. L. Miller (President), J. T. Taylor, 
Thomas H. Early, W. A. Miller, Camillus Christian, Jacob H. Frank- 
lin, J. B. Winfree, J. L. Thompson and W. B. Snead. 



1 68 SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

COMMON COUNCIL. 

President — John W. Carroll. 

Clei'k — Carter Glass. 

First Ward Coiincilnien — George M. Jones, James I. Lee, W. F. 
Mathews, P. A. Krise and John P. Pettyjohn. 

Second Ward CouJicilvien — John W. Carroll, Peter J. Otey, James 
W. Dickerson, Louis P. Shaner and J. D. Sullivan. 

Third Ward Councilmen — John D. Holt, Richard L. Miller, Dr. 
W. T. Walker, Henry Edwards and Jefferson Anderson. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 

First Ward — S. R. Wortham, J. B. Crenshaw, W. B. P'reeman and 
E. W. Jones. 

Second Wafd — F. D. Johnson and John Kelly. (Two vacancies.) 
Tki7-d Ward — J. W. Breathed and W. B. Snead. (Two vacancies.) 

CITY COURTS. 

Corporation Court — Judge, Charles P. Latham ; Clerk, Samuel D. 
Preston. 

Circuit Court — Judge, J. D. Horseley ; Clerk, Samuel D. Preston. 
Police Court— Mdiy or, N. C. Manson, Jr.; Clerk, P. V. Ford. 

UMTED STATES OFFICERS. 

COURTS. 

(meet in march and SEPTEMBER.) 

District Court— ]\xdgG, John Paul ; Clerk, W. M. Elliott ; Deputy 
Clerk, VV. B. Tinsley. 

Circuit Court— ]\xdge, Hugh L. Bond ; Clerk, W. M. p:iliott ; 
Deputy Clerk, W. B. Tinsley. 

UNITED STATES POST OFFICE. 

Postjuaster — T. D. Jennings. 

Assista?it Postmaster — T. D. Davis. 

Stamp Clerk — Robert Strother. 

Register Clerk — J. A. Bass. 

Money Order Clerk — T. D. Davis. 

Delivery Clerk — J. C. Kinnier. 

Distributing Clerk—]. D. Murrell, Jr. 

Mailing Clerk — J. S. Nicholas. 

Superintendent of City Delivery — W. J. Seabury. 

UNITED STATES SIGNAL OFFICE. 
Sergeant in Charge — T. F. Schley. 



ITS PEOPLE AND ITS TRADE. 



169 



UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE. 

Deputy Collecttv'-in-Char^c — J. Risque Hutter. 
Dep2ity Collectors — L. P. Rodes and Charles F. Byrne. 
Clerk — N. F. Featherston. 
District Deputy — John Whitehead. 
Ganger — James McDaniel. 

LIST OF PRESIDENTS OF THE COMMON COUNCIL. 



[Note. — Owing to the loss of the earliest Record Book of the 
Council, the names of its presiding officers from 1805, when the Town 
of Lynchburg was first incorporated, to 181 1, are not known.] 



Prom 1811 to 1817— William Davis. 

" 1817 to 18IS— Robert, Morris. 

" 1818 to 1830— William Norvell. 

'• 1820 to 1822— William Davis, Jr. 

" 1822 to 1832— John Thurmati. 

" 1832 to 1841— Smitlison H. Davis. 

" 1841 to 1850— John M. Otey. 

" 1800 to 1865— John M. Speed. 



From 1865 to I866— Lorenzo Norvell. 
" 1866 to 1868— A. B. Rucker. 
" 1868 to 1870— John Boisseau, (mili- 
tary appointee. ) 
" 1870 to 1871— W. M. «lack. 
'^ 1871 to 1872— John Robin McDaniel. 
'* 1872 to 1887— John W, Can-oil. 



THE MAYORS OF LYNCHBURG. 



As a matter of interest to the reader, the following list of the Chief 
Magistrates of the City, in the order of their succession, is given: 



1806 John Wiatt, 

1807 Roderick Taliaferro, 

1808 Samnel J. Harrison, 

1809 John Lynch, Jr., 

1810 M. Lambert, 

1811 John Schoolfield. 

1812 James Stewart, 

1813 Robert Morris, 

1814 Samuel J. Harrison, 

1815 James Stewart, 

1816 John M. Gordon, 

1817 Samuel J. Harrison, 

1818 William Morgan, 

1819 James Stewart, 

1820 John Thurman, 

1821 Mieajah Davis, 

1822 John Hancock, 

1823 Thomas A. Holcombe, 

1824 Albon McDaniel, 

1825 John Victor, 

1826 Albon McDaniel, 

1827 Christopher Winfree, 

1828 Albon McDaniel, 

1829 Ammon Hancock, 

1830 Elijah Fletcher, 

1831 John R. D. Payne, 
1833 Elijah Fletcher, 
1833 John M. Warwick, 



1834 Henry M. Didlake, 

1835 Samuel J. Wiatt, 

1836 Pleasant Labby, 

1837 Ammon Hancock, 

1838 Martin W. Davenport, 

1839 John R. D. Payne, 

1840 Samuel Nowlin, 

1841 Ammon Hancock, 
J 842 Henrv M. Didlake, 

1843 Edwin Mathews, 

1844 David W. Burton, 

1845 M. Hart, 

1646 Henry M. Didlake. 

1847 Daniel J. Warwick, 

1848 Henry 0. Schoolfield, 

1849 Edwin Mathews, 

1850 Henry M. Didlake, 

1851 William D. Branch, 

18G9 Albon McDaniel, [military appointee, 
served previously as Mayor in 1824, 
1826 and 1828.] 

1870 James M. Cobbs, 

1872 George H. Burch, 

1876 Samuel A. Bailey, 

1880 Samuel G. Wingtield, 

1882 A. H. Pettigrew, 

1884 N. C. Manson, Jr., the present incum- 
bent. 



1 JO SKETCH BOOK OF LYNCHBURG, VA. ; 

GUIDE TO THE CHURCHES. 

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 

St. PanV s — Rev. T. M. Carson, Rector. Corner of Church and 
Seventh Streets. 

Grace Memorial — Rev. J. H. Wilh'ams, Rector. Corner of Grace 
and Sixteenth Streets, Diamond Hill. 

Christ— ^ft\. J. H. Williams, Rector. Cabell Street, Daniel's Hill. 

Epiphany — No Rector. Occasional services. Salem Turnpike, 
near Fair Grounds. 

CATHOLIC. 

Churcli of the Holy Cross — Rev. J. J. McGuirk, Priest in charge. 
Corner of Clay and Seventh Streets. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

first— K^v. W. T Hall, D. D., Pastor. Main Street, between 
Twelfth and Thirteenth. 

Second — Rev. J. M. Rawlings, Pastor. Corner of Church and 
Ninth Streets. 

TJiird — Rev. James R. Crews, Pastor. Cabell Street, Daniel's Hill. 

West End Chapel — Rev. J. M. Rawlings, Pastor. Park Avenue, 
near P'air Grounds. 

mp:thodist episcopal. 

Court Street — Rev. P. A. Peterson, Pastor. Corner of Court and 
Seventh Streets. 

Centenary — Rev. H. C. Cheatham, Pastor. Church Street near 
Eleventh. 

Memorial — Rev. John Hannon, D. D., Pastor. Corner of Floyd 
and Ninth Streets. 

DanieVs Hill — Rev. W. A. Langhorne, Pastor. Cabell Street, 
Daniel's Hill. 

Trinity Chapel — Rev. H. C. Cheatham, Pastor. Grace Street, near 
Presbyterian Cemetery. 

METHODIST PROTESTANT. 

First — Rev. T. E. Coulbourn, Pastor. Church Street, near Eighth, 

City Alms House — Rev. S. J. Liggan, Pastor. Corner of Federal 

and Hollins Streets. Services on the second Sunday of each month. 

BAPTIST. 

first — Rev. W. R. L. Smith, D. D., Pastor. Corner of Court and 
Eleventh Streets. 

Second — Rev. R. R. Acree, Pastor. Corner of Floyd and Eleventh 
Streets. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Part I.— DESCRIPTIVE 5 

Part II.— HISTORICAL 51 

Part III.— COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL 129 



GENERAL SUBJECTS. 



Page 

" Advance,'' The Lynchburjr 159 

Agriculture 8 

Blue Ridfie Region, The 12 

Banks and Bankers 149 

Books, Stationery, &c , .. 151 

Campbell County set apart 57 

Cereals 39 

Chamber of Commerce, The 129 

Churches. Guide to The 170 

City Government 167 

Climate 7 

Commercial Growth 34 

Commercial and General 129 

Conclusion KiO 

Descriptive 5 

Division of Virginia into Shires 55 

Drugs and Chemicals 150 

Dry Goods, Notions, &c 155 

Early Days 51 

Education 33 

Financial 31 

First Reservoir and Water Works. . 100 

Fitz Lee Troop, The 105 

Forest Growth 9 

Forty-five Years Ago 59 

Fruit Culture 40 

Furniture 153 

Game and Hunting 39 

Golden Opportunities 37 

Grazing Lands 43 

Grocers and Commission Merchants. . 152 

Guide to the Churches 170 

Historical 51 

Hotels and Boarding Houses 33 149 

Hygiene 11 

Industrial 7\.d vantages 6 



Page 

Introductory 5 

Iron Works, Foundries, &c 150 

James River and Kanawha Canal. . . . 102 

James River Valley, The 45 

" Labor Record," The Weekly 160 

Local Industries 35 

Local Press, The 158 

Lynchburg Agricultural and Mechani- 
cal Society, The 145 

Lynchburg Fair, The 33 

Lynchburg Female Orphan Asylum.. 103 
Lynchburg, Halifax and North Caro- 
lina Railroad 134 

Lynchburg Home Guard, The 164 

Lynchburg Light Artillery Blues. The 165 
Lynchburg Light Artillery Blues, 

Junior, The 165 

Lynchburg ToV)acco Association, The. 130 

"Lynch Law" 63 

March to Lynchburg and pursuit of 

Hunter Ill 

Marshall Lodge Home and Retreat. . 160 

Mayors of Lynchburg 169 

Military Organizations 164 

Minerals 10 

Miscellaneous Trades 155 

Municipal 85 

'• News" The Lynchburir 159 

Norfolk & Western Railroad 133- 

Presidents of Common Council 169 

Public Improvements 13 

Railroads 11 

Restored Peace 134 

Richmond & Alleghany Rail Road. . 133 

Scenery 6 

Slavery and Tobacco 73 



1/2 



CONTENTS. 



ras;e 

Statistical Review— 1868 to 1888. .. . 140 

Summer Resort? 39 

Tobacco 136 

Transportation 132 

United States Officers 108 

Various 49 



Page 

Virginia Midland Railway 132 

'• Viririnian," The Lynchburg 158 

War "Between the States, The 107 

Water Power 33 

W earing Apparel 154 

YM C A 161 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Baptist Church, (First) 135 

Biggers Public School Building 35 

Bridge, Sixth St and Union Depot... . 9 

Button, Charles W, Residence of 143 

Carroll, John W's Tobacco Factory . 127 

Carroll, John W's residence 45 

Church Street, Residences on 143 

Church of the Holy Cross (R. C.) 121 

City Hall and Court House 69 

City Re.«ervcirs . 121 

" City View," Residence of Samuel B 

Rucker Ill 

Cohn, Joseph's Clothing Establish- 
ment 17 

Cohn, Joseph, Residence of 153 

College Hill Reservoir 31 

Confederate Soldiers' Monument 139 

Court Street, looking Nortliwest 01 

Couit Street Methodist Church 43 

Court Street, Residences on 05 

Craighill, DrE A, Residence of 05 

Craigliill, R T, Residence of 05 

Faulkner & Craighill's Drug Store... 23 

Faulkner, John W, Residence of 87 

Firemen's Memorial Fountain 13 

First Baptist Church 135 

First Presbyterian Church 85 

Garland's Hill and Blaekwater Creek. 47 
General view of Lynchburg. Frontispiece 

Hillsnian & IMyers' Clothing Store.... 89 

.Holt, John D, Residence of 131 

Johnson. F D & Son's Jewelry Store. 29 

Krise, P A, Residence of 

Langhorne, Dr D A, Residence of... 

Lee, James I's residence 

" Lone Jack" Birthplace of 

•■•Lone Jack" Tobacco Works 137 

Lynchburg Agricultural and Mechani- 
cal Society (grounds of) 145-117 

Lynchburg, Bird's-eye view of 19 

Lynchburg Female Orphan Asylum. . 105 



77 
143 



o-; 



Page 
Lynchburg Furniture Company, New 

Building of 117 

Lynchburg Iron Co's Blast Furnace. 109 
Lynchburg Marble and Granite Wk's, 

'(J I Van Ness, Proprietor) l23 

Lynchburg's First Tobacco Factory. . 49 

" Lynchburg Virginian" Building of. 27 

McCorkle. MrsS B. Residence of 91 

Main Street, from Eleventh (N W)... 55 

Main Street. View on 83 

Methodist Episcopal Church, (Court 

Street)' 43 

Ninth Street and Amherst Heights... 53 

Norvell-Arlington House, The 37 

Old Market House, The 59 

Old Quaker Meeting House, Ruins of. 15 

Peoples National Bank 97 

Porter's Lodge (of Lynchburg Female 

Orphan Asylum). ! 103 

Presbyterian Cliurch (First) 85 

Rucker, S R, Residence of Ill 

Schaefer, Edmund, Residence of 25 

Silverthorn. H's Jewelry Store 119 

Sixth St Bridge and Union Depot 9 

St. Paul's (Prot. Epis.) Church 71 

Thompson, J L's Furniture Store.... 99 

Tobacco (bagging) 128 

Tobacco (granulating) 120 

Tobacco (kiln-drying) 126 

Tobacco (seasoning) 128 

Tobacco (sorting) 125 

U S Court House and Post Office 41 

Van Ness, J l's Marble and Granite 

Works 123 

Va Nail & Iron Wk's Co, Property of. 75 
Water Works Dam and " Lover's 

Leap" 63 

Williams, James T, Residence of 95 

Witt & Wat kins' Hoot & Shoe House. 101 

Wren, \\' H, Residence of 113 

YMC A. Building of 103 



ANHOUNCEMENTS. 



Page 

Adams, 1 H, Vice-President 02 

Advance Printing and Publishing Co. 08 

Almond, C H 00 

Armistead & Steptoe 38 



Page 

Baehe, W K, General Agent 32 

Blackford, Chas M, President 96 

Boyd, Samuel A 128 

Brown, F C 20 



CONTENTS. 



173 



Pa^e 

Brown, W N 94 

Burkholder, R C & Son 86 

Barrouglis, AH.. 90 

Business College ... 38 

Butler Bros 94 

Button. Chas P & Joseph, Propr's.... 93 

Carroll, John W 135 

Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad 100 

Christian, Camillus, Cashier 63 

Clark, James, President 70 

Clark, J R Pres't. and Gen. Manager. 36 

Cohn, Joseph 16 

Coleman, G A & Co 86 

Craddock, Thomas E 90 

Dawson & Adams Box Manf'g Co... . 44 

Doherty & Fortune 56 

Diuguid, G A & Son 90 

Dunsmore's Business College 84 

Edwards, John T, Agent 116 

Edwards, J W 86 

Elliott & Doss 110 

Excelsior Livery and Sale Stables... . 110 

Faulkner & Crak^hill 33 

First National Bank 30 

Ford, Wm H 88 

Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 

FuUarton, A. Secretary ^^nd Treas'r. 108 

Fuller, H W. Gen'l Pass'r Agent... . 106 

Gills & Anderson 44 

Goodman, R R 66 

Grubb, E Burd, President 108 

Hamilton Bros 38 

Haythe & Sehorn 70 

Hefiernan, Wm A 133 

Hill, J R 60 

Hillsman & Myers 88 

Holt, Schaefer & Co 34 

Hutter, Ed S, Manager 108 

Ivey, J W, Cashier 96 

Johnson, P D & Son 38 

Johnson. W 84 

Jones, Geo M, President 63 

Jones, John W 88 

Jones, T C, General Manager 74 

Jones, W B&Co 108 

Kinckle, F A 33 

Khinier, John H 70 

Lavinder. NH 60 

Lee&Co 56 

Lee, P A 84 

Lewis, John H 60 

'"Lone Jack" 135 

"Lone Jack'' Cigarette Co, The 46 

Lynch House 80 

•'Lynchburg Advance," The 68 

Lynchburg Box Co 56 

Lynchburg Fertilizer Co 114 

Lynchburg Furniture Co 116 

Lynchburg Ice and Refrigerator Co . 76 



Page 

Lynchburg Iron Co's Blast Furnace 108 

Lynchburg Marble and Granite Wk's. 133 

Lynchburg National Bank 70 

"Lynchburg News," The 48 

"Lynchburg Virginian," The 2Q 

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co... 83 

McCorkle. Southall & Co .. . 54 

McDonald. Alex., Editor and Sec'y.. 26 

Mclver, DR 38 

Mallan Bros 23 

Mallan, John J & Bro 33 

Merriam, G and C & Co, Publishers... 96 

National Exchange Bank 63 

Newport News & Mississipi)i Val'y Co. 106 

Norvell-Arlington House, The 36 

Nowlin, S W& Co 70 

Otey, Peter J, Cashier 70 

Otey, Peter J, Treasurer 76 

Payne, John M 86 

Peoples National Bank 96 

Pettyjohn & Marshall, Proprietors... 80 

Plecker, A H 98 

Pollock, Edward, Publisher 96 

Robinson, Tate & Co 60 

Ross. BE 73 

Rucker& Barnett 110 

Schaefer, E, President 46.74 76 

Seay, W M 84 

Shaner, Jacob 98 

Shaner, J Phil 86 

Shaner, Louis P 38 

Silverthorn, H 118 

Slaughter, John F, President 30 

Southern Jewelry House 38 

Strother, W A & Son 44 

Suter, John D & Co 34 

Talley, Allen W, Cashier 30 

Terry, R is. Proprietor 36 

Thompson, J L. 98 

Thurman, R W 63 

Timberlake. Jackson & Co 84 

" Virginian" Job Printing House 93 

Va Nail and Iron Works Company... 74 

Van Ness, J 1 133 

Waddill, A, Publisher 48 

Watts, JD 43 

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary... 96 

Williams, James T, Son & Co 94 

Williams, J P, Sec'y and Treasurer. . 74 

Williams, Th. N 90 

Wilson, W V, Jr 38 

Winfree, Adams & Loyd 78 

Wingfield, Samuel G 90 

Winston, J H C, Son & McGehee 20 

Witt& Watkins 83 

Wrieht & Craighill 114 

Wright, R H, Manager 46 

Wysor, W W, Associate Editor 36 

Yancey, Robert D 84 



174 



CONTENTS. 



ANNCUNCEMENTS-CLASSIFIED. 



Page 
Agricultural Implements, &c. 

Ford, Win H 88 

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.. 32 

Architects. 

Burkholder, R C & Son 86 

Attorneys-at-Law. 

Burroughs, A H 90 

Haythe & Sehorn 70 

Lewis, John H 60 

Payne, John M 86 

Wingfield, Samuel G 90 

Williams, Th. N 90 

Wilson, W V, Jr 38 

Yancey, Robert D 84 

Axle Grease. 

Brown, F C 30 

Bacon and Btilh Meats. 

Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 70 

Baled Forage. 

Kinnier, John 11 70 

Lee & Co 56 

MallanBros 22 

Banjo and Violin Strings. 

Jones, W B & Co 108 

Banlis, 

First National Bank 3o 

Lynciiburg National Hank 7o 

National Exchange Bank 63 

Peoples National Bank 90 

Blast -Furnace. 

Ijynchburg Iron Co, The 108 

Booksellers and Stationers. 

Suter, John D & Co 24 

Boots and Shoes — Wholesale. 

Witt & Watkins 82 

Boots, Shoes, &c. 

Coleman, G A & Co 86 

Gills & Anderson 44 

Kinckle, FA 32 

Brokers — Leaf Tohacco. 

Edwards, John T, Agent 116 

Builders" Materials. 

Ro.ss, E E 72 

Business Colleges. 

Dunsmore's Business College 84 

Melver, DR 38 



Butchers. 



Page 

. 98 
. 86 
. 38 



Shaner, Jacob 

Shaner, J Phil 

Shaner, Louis P 

Canned Goods 

Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 

Carpenters, Builders, &c. 

Hamilton Bros 38 

Ross. E E 73 

Seay, W M 84 

Cattle Brokers. 

Shaner. Jacob 98 

Shaner, J Pliil 86 

Shaner, Louis P 38 

Cement, 1/ime, Plaster, die. 

Mallan Bros 23 

Cigarette Manufacturers. 

" Lone Jack" Cigarette Co, The 46 

Cigars, Tobacco, &c. 

Johnson. W 0...; 84 

Lavinder, N H 60 

McCorkle, Southall & Co 54 

Clothing. 

Cohn, Joseph 16 

Hillsman & Myers 88 

Coal and Wood. 

Kinnier, John H 70 

Mallan Bros 33 

Coffees, Teas, Sugars, &c. 

Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 

Johnson, WO 84 

McCorkle, Southall & Co 54 

Commission Merchants — General 

Franklin, Jacob H & Sons 76 

Lee &Co 56 

Nowlin, S W & Co 70 

Robinson, Tate & Co 60 

Williams. James T, Sons & Co 94 

Commission Merchants — Leaf Tobacco. 

Rucker & Barnett,. 110 

Confectioneries and Fancy Groceries — 
Wholesale. 

Brown. W N 94 

Confectioneries and Fruits. 

Boyd, Samuel A 138 

Johnson, W 84 

Lavinder, N H 60 

McCorkle, Southall &Co 54 



CONTENTS. 



Confrnrfors ami Buihhra. 

Ilainilton Bros '^S 

Ford. Win 11 88 

Uoss, E I-: 72 

Stay, W M 84 

Cntltrtj. 

Watts,JD 42 

Den lists. 

Cniddock. Thomas E 90 

Hill, J R <iO 

Lee, P A...... 84 

Designing and Engraving. 

Johnson, F D & Son 28 

Silverthoni. II 118 

Suter, John D & Co 84 

Watts, J D 42 

Dictionary. 

Webster's Unubridtred 9<> 

Drngs, Metlicines, t£-c. 

Faulkner & Crai-hill 22 

Strother. W A & Son 44 

Dry (roods and Notions. 

Mallan. John J & Bro 22 

Electric Bdls and Macliinery. 

Thunmui. K W 02 

Fancy Art teles. 

Johnson, F D & Son 28 

Silverthorn. II 118 

Watts, J D 42 

Fertilizer di Insecticide, Manufrs of 

Lynehluirir Fertilizer Co 114 

W'right & Craighill 114 

Flour, d-c. 

Lee&fo m 

MeCorkle, Southall & Co .■i4 

Nowlin, S W & Co.. 70 

Fruits and Confectionery. 

Bo vd. Samuel A 128 

Johnson, WO 84 

Lavinder, N H (30 

MeCorkle, Soutliall & Co 54 

Furn ish ing (roods — Gentlemen s. 

Cohn. Joseph 16 

Hillsman & Myers 88 

Furniture. &c. 

Lynchburg Furniture Co, The 110 

Thompson. J L 98 

Winston, J II C, Son & McGehee 20 

Groceries — Wholesale. 

Franklin. Jacob U & Sons 76 

Lee & Co 56 

Nowlin. S W & Co 70 

Robinson, Tate & Co . 60 

Williams. James T, Son & Co 94 

Groceries, d-c. 

Johnson. WO 84 

Lavinder, N H 60 

MeCorkle. Southall & Co 54 

MaJlan, John J & Bro 2.8 



1/5 



Paoe 



/fats and Gaps — Wholesale. 

Almond, C 11 00 

Hats, Caps. d-c. 

Cohn, Joseph 16 

Coleman, (r A & Co «y(j 

Gills & Anderson 44 

Kinckle, FA 32 

/fay. Mill Feed, d-c. 

Kinnier, John il 70 

Lee & Co 50 

Mallan Bros 22 

Jforses and Mules — Dealers in 

Elliott & Doss.,.. 110 

Jones, John W 88 

Hotels. 

Lynch House SO 

Norvell-.Vrlington House ;50 

Ice. d-c. 

Kinnier, John H 70 

Lynchburg Ice & RetrigeratorCo, The 76 
Ice Cream Saloon. 

Boyd, Samuel A 128 

Intelligence Office. 

Armistead & Step'toe .t 38 

//•(;/( . Manufacturers of Pig 

Lynchburg Iron Co, The 108 

Iron Works. 

Va Nail and Iron Works Co, The 74 

Lynchburglron Co, The 108 

Jewelry. Watches, (Jlocks, &c. 

Johnson. KD & Son 28 

Silverthorn, H 118 

Watts. J I) 42 

Leaf Tobacco Commission Merchants. 

Rucker & Barnett 110 

Liniment, dc. 

Faulkner & Craighill 23 

Nowlin. S W & Co 70 

Strother, W A & Son 44 

Liven/ and Sale Stables. 

Elliott & Uoss 110 

Jones, John W. 88 

"Lone Jack,'' Manufacturer of 

Carroll, John W 125 

Marble and Granite Works. 
Lvnchburg Marble & Granite Works. 123 

Van Ness, J 1 123 

Mattresses, &c. 

Lynchburg Furniture Co, The I16 

Thomi)son, J L 98 

Winston, J II C, Son & ^McGehee 30 

3Iills — Planing. 

Goodman, R R ()Q 

Mineral Spri7ig Water. 

Nowlin, S W & Co 70 

Monuments and Ilea/lstones. 
Lynchburg Marble & Granite Works. 133 
Van Ness, J 1 12i» 



'76 



CONTENTS. 



Tape 
Mt(sic(tl Iiisfrt/t/ietifs. 
.lones, AV 15 i^ ('<• lOK 

Va Nail and Iniii Works Co, The.... 74 

" Lynchltur^ Advance"' Tlie 08 

" Lynehhury New>" Tlie 48 

"Lynclil)!!!-!: Virginian" The '20 

Oi/s, Turpentine, d-c. 

Brown. FC 20 

Franklin, Jacob II & Sons 7(i 

Optical Goods. 

Johnson, F D i>: Son 28 

Silverthoni, H 118 

Watts. J 1) 42 

Pit i lifers. House, Sig)i and Carriage. 

Butler Broi? 94 

P/iufograp/ier.s. 

Edwards. J \V 8C, 

Flecker, A H 98 

I'/oirs and Ca.'<tin(js. 

Ford. Wm 11 8S 

Nowlin, S W ^ Co 70 

Foinhr and Dynamite. 

Nowlin. S W ^ Co 70 

I'rintiin/. Book and Job. 

Virf,'inian Jol> I'rintinji House 92 

Button, Chas F c\; Joseph 92 

Pro} I r ie lary Med icines. 

Faulkner & Crai,u:hill 22 

Strother. W A <k Son 44 

Pnblisliers. 

llerriam. G &. V ic Co 90 

Pollock, Edward 90 

P(( i/road Conipa n its . 
Newport News and Mississippi Valley 

Co .....". lUO 

Chesapeake ^ Ohio 100 

Virginia Midland ... 132 

Norfolk &; Western 18:; 

Richmond & Alle<,'hany jy:J 

Peal Estate Agents. 

Arniistead ^: Steptoe 3S 

Peajiers, J/ower.v, dec. 

McCormick Harvestini; Machine Co.. 32 

lioojing — Tin and Slate. 

Doherty & Fortune 50 

Rubber Stamp Ilunufucturer. 

Thunnan. K \V (;2 

Sa.sli, Doors. Blinds, d-c. 

Goodman, UK... (\(\ 

Hefrernan, Wm A l'^-^ 

Ross. EE.. .'; 70 

Scroll-sauing. Turning, d-c. 

Goodman, R R 

Ross, E E .'. 

Sexcing Machines and StipiAies. 
Watts J D 42 



00 



Page 

Silver and Plated W art. 

Johnson, F D k .Son 28 

Silverthorn. H 118 

Watts, J 1) 42] 

Affair ways and JVeivel Posts. 

Heffernan, Wm A 122 

Ros.s, EE 72 

Stencil Cutter. 

Thurman. RW 62 

Stores and Tinware. 

Doherty & Fortune 56 

Steamship Dine. 

Ducal Line J06 

7\i ilors — Merck ant. 

Cohn, Josei^h 16 

Hillsman & Myer< 88 

Terra Cotta Piping. 

Ford. W^m II 88] 

Tobacco Brokers — Leaf. 

Edwards. John T, Atrent 116 

Tobacco Ho.res. Cigar Cases, di-c. 
Diwson & Adams Box Mannfj: Co... 44 

Gixxlman RR 62 

LynchliuriT Box Co 5G 

Tobacco Dealers — Deaf. 

Holt. Schaelcr & Co ." 24 J 

Tobacco Extract. 

Holt. Schaefer k Co 24 

Tobacco ILigslinids. Tierces, dire. 

Goodman. R R... 66 

Tobacco. Manufactnred, Jobbers of 

Nov.lin. S W' & Co'. ' 60 

WilJiaujs. James T. S<m & Co 94 

Tobacco Mannfartirrers — Plug and Twist. 

Timlierlake. Jack-^on ^: Co 84 

Winlree. Adams .S: Lo.vd 78 

Tobacra Man nfacturers — Smoking. 

Carroll, John W 125 

Winfree. Adams &Loyd 78 

Totincco Shapes and Factory Fixtures. 
Daw.^on ^ Adams Box Manufjj Co... 44 

Lynchburg- Box Co 56 

Trunks. Valises, dr. 

Coleman. G A & Co 86 

Gills & Anderson 44 

Undertakers. 

DiuL-nid. GA& .Son ... 90 | 

Waqons and Bngqies — Munnfr of 

Ford. Wm H \ " 88 

M'atches. Clocks. Jewelry, di'C. 

Johnson. F I) & Son 28 i 

Silverthorn. H 1^8 

Watts, J D 42 

Wines, Diquors. dec. 

Mallan, John J & Bro 22 

Wood and Coal. ^ 

Kinnier. John H "^^ ! 

Mallan Bros 23 



.^ .= 



vP 












^O 






V „ . . '^_ 



-J*. 



o " • , 



'^^ 
-^ 



'o ^ 



,7i « 



>P^H>. 



'^O^ 



y^^' 



''^^ 






> 



A' 



-'Z' 






v> 



•i . 



V.^^ 



^- 



^: 



*?>> -i 

-^0* 



o :• 






*°-*. 



■'//^ 



V 

^■^^ ' • » » \ > 






»0' 







.5 o^ ' 




^ .. V 






■ c 



-I 



^a 



'^' .0> 






.0 






*Sj. 












<. 



^^ 



'-Q 



A o. 



x'^r^ 






'^- 









'bo-. 



"l^, • 






\^ -^ -^^^^^^ J' %''%. 












^0^ 



^•>^ V-3<v \'»-'/ V^^'-o'^^ 



.^^ 



\ - ■ 







<^. 












^0' 






.*•* "■<■ 















A c 


















V^^ 







iv 



/\i^-'y% -^m^' J\ '-^m^ j""-^ '-'■ 





v'/-^'v.i_2si?>i 




'^^^^^ -n^-o^ :^^' -hi^ 









.5^ 



c 


















A 



vOnr 



, I ' » <?. A'' 6 * " * ' 









^_ 















'^-^^ A^ *; 



'V 








♦jrfSWw.k'^ V? 




